Senior preschool age is children aged 5-6 years. At this age, the child begins to prepare for school activities. Therefore, the attention of parents and teachers of the senior group is focused not only on the development of personal qualities, but also on honing the skills necessary for entering the first grade.
Preschool educators and teachers working in secondary groups will be able to find in this section a lot of useful lesson notes, leisure and entertainment scenarios for children 4-5 years old.
Activities, games and holidays with children 5-6 years old.
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Formation of skills in composing descriptive stories in children of senior preschool age using mnemonic tables Self-education plan in the preparatory group . Stage - theoretical Contents of work Deadlines Notes (to be filled in during the implementation of the plan)
1. Study of regulatory documents: Law of the Russian Federation
“On Education”
. Convention on the Rights of the Child Federal State Educational Standard for Education. Family Code...
Summary of OD in the senior group “We are volunteers” Goal: to form in children an idea of the volunteer movement and its importance in people’s lives. Tasks: - continue to familiarize yourself with the concept of “good”
. - give children an idea of who volunteers are - form a conscious attitude towards social norms of behavior - consolidate skills...
Harm from “coaching” a preschooler according to the school curriculum
Yes, at first it will be very easy for the child to learn, because he already knows what his peers are going through. Therefore, he will gradually lose interest in classes. And after the stock of knowledge acquired in preschool age is exhausted, he will simply lag behind his classmates.
This opposite effect is explained by the fact that in elementary school what is needed is not previously acquired knowledge, but developed skills for educational activities. The question immediately arises about whether only the last year of preschool childhood is enough to prepare for school.
In order to simply “train” a child, this time may be enough, but in order to properly prepare for education, it is necessary to start classes in kindergarten in the senior group. Moreover, children’s education should take place in the form of a game, and not parody school lessons.
Senior group - Drawing with semolina “Winter landscape” in the senior group
Publication “Drawing with semolina “Winter Landscape” in the senior…”
During art classes in the senior group “Snowdrop” of the kindergarten “Solnyshko” in Kodinsk, the children and I drew a winter landscape using an unconventional technique, that is, we painted with semolina on colored cardboard. Initially, we drew the outline of the drawing on colored cardboard...
Physical education leisure in the senior and preparatory group “Visiting Freckles” Leisure time in physical education in the senior and preparatory groups on the topic “Visiting Freckles” GOAL: 1. Create conditions for consolidating and improving basic skills and abilities in the possession of elements of all types of vital movements. To cultivate strong-willed qualities in children: •…
Mathematical quest for children of the senior group “Treasure Island”
Goal: generalize and consolidate mathematical knowledge, skills and abilities through a quest game. Educational tasks: • Practice counting within 10 forwards and backwards. • Strengthen children's knowledge about geometric shapes. • Consolidate knowledge about the sequence of days of the week,...
Development of creativity of older preschoolers in musical activities Development of creativity of older preschoolers in musical activities An important stage in preparing a child for life in society is preschool childhood. This period includes the physical and mental development of the child, the formation of the necessary personality qualities for his…
Senior group - Summary of the educational situation for senior preschool age “The sky was already breathing in autumn” (plasticineography)
Article “Summary of the educational situation for senior preschool age...” Purpose: - To consolidate and expand children’s ideas about the history and culture of their hometown. To promote the formation of the ability to convey the image of an autumn birch using the technique of plasticineography. Objectives: - Expand and deepen children’s understanding of the characteristic signs of autumn; -...
Summary of the educational situation for older preschoolers “Winter Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin” (landscape drawing) Goal: - Continue to acquaint children with the main attractions of Nizhny Novgorod. To promote the development of the ability to independently create paintings depicting the nature and architecture of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin; Objectives: - Deepen and expand knowledge about landscape as a genre...
Summary of the educational situation on artistic and aesthetic development for senior preschool age “Hometown” Goal: - To consolidate and expand children’s ideas about their small homeland, the sights of their hometown. Develop the ability to convey in drawing your impressions of the celebration of the anniversary of your hometown. Objectives: - Improve the ability to convey images of houses in drawings,...
Summary of the educational situation for senior preschool age “Flag of Nizhny Novgorod” (plasticineography) Purpose: - To consolidate and expand knowledge about the state symbols of Nizhny Novgorod. To develop children’s ability to create the image of the Nizhny Novgorod flag using the plasticineography technique. Objectives: - Develop imagination, observation, memory, attention. - Activate children's vocabulary...
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Knowledge and skills of a child of senior preschool age.
A child’s stay in the middle group smoothly prepares him for the final stage of transition to the preparatory group.
Physical development
A child aged 5-6 years can and should be given exercise, encouraging physical activity and the manifestation of strong-willed qualities. Sports clubs and regular active recreation under the supervision of adults will be a good help. The room in which preschool children stay must provide the necessary conditions for active games and physical exercise. For this purpose, preschool educational institutions provide physical education halls, physical education corners equipped with ladders, mats, ropes, balls and other attributes. At home, you can use the wall bars and other sports equipment.
Intellectual development
By the age of six, a child should learn to focus his attention on the subject being studied for half an hour, be able to listen and take an active part in the discussion. Over the course of the year, children learn to compose a coherent story of at least 5-6 sentences, compare objects according to their physical properties, and find 5-7 differences in pictures. With distinction, they answer questions about their family, full name, both their own and their parents’, address, and residence. By the age of 6, a child more confidently masters spatial and temporal concepts, distinguishes between parts of the day and seasons, and orients himself in the concepts of left and right. Mathematical concepts boil down to familiarizing the number series up to 10 in forward and reverse order, increasing and decreasing the set (+;- 1). Acquaintance with geometric shapes, both volumetric and planar. Graphic skills become more pronounced; preschool children learn to work not only with a pencil, felt-tip pen, but also with a pen.
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Education and training in the senior group of kindergarten. Program and methodological recommendations
Physical education
Continue to work to improve health: harden the body, improve basic movements, form correct posture in all types of activities, cultivate hygiene habits and bodily reflection (knowledge of your body, the names of its individual parts).
Develop independence and creativity of preschoolers; to cultivate beauty, expressiveness and grace of movements, a conscious attitude towards them.
Indicators of physical development of children
Physical development of boys from 5 to 6 years old
Physical development of girls from 5 to 6 years old
Note.
The table is printed based on the book by Samarin V.M., Vorontsov I.M. History of child development. - St. Petersburg. — 2000. — pp. 136–143.
Physical education and health work
Continue, under the guidance of medical professionals, to carry out a set of hardening procedures using natural factors (air, sun, water) in combination with various physical exercises. Do morning exercises every day for 8-10 minutes.
During activities that require high mental load, and in the intervals between classes, conduct physical education minutes lasting 1–3 minutes.
To teach children to organize outdoor sports games on their own, to perform sports exercises while walking, using the available physical education equipment: in winter, sledding, sliding along ice paths, skiing; during the warm season, ride a two-wheeled bicycle, scooter, or roller skates. If conditions exist, organize training for children in swimming and hydro aerobics.
Improve psychophysical qualities in various forms of motor activity.
Carry out physical education activities lasting 25–30 minutes once a month; twice a year physical education holidays lasting up to
1 hour.
During physical education and holidays, teach children to actively participate in group games, entertainment, and competitions.
In the process of physical education and health work, develop physical, mental, moral qualities, cultivate independence and creativity.
Physical Culture
Continue to form correct posture; the ability to consciously and creatively perform movements.
Improve children's motor skills and abilities.
Develop a culture of movement and bodily reflection.
Develop psychophysical qualities: speed, strength, endurance, flexibility.
Strengthen the ability to walk and run easily, energetically pushing off from the support. Learn to run a race, overcoming obstacles.
Learn to climb a gymnastic wall, changing the pace.
Learn to jump long and high from a running start, to run up correctly, take off and land depending on the type of jump, jump onto a soft surface through a long rope, and maintain balance when landing.
Learn to combine a swing with a throw when throwing, throw and catch the ball with one hand, hit it with your right and left hands on the spot and lead while walking.
Learn to ski with a sliding step, climb a slope, descend a mountain, ride a two-wheeled bicycle, ride a scooter, pushing off with one leg (right and left). Learn to navigate in space.
Teach elements of sports games, games with elements of competition, relay races.
To teach adults to help prepare physical education equipment for physical exercise and put it away.
To comprehensively develop the child’s personality, to form physical, mental, moral, aesthetic, spiritual qualities.
Maintain children's interest in various sports, provide them with some information about events in the sporting life of the country.
Basic movements
Walking.
Walking is normal, on toes (hands behind the head), on the heels, on the outer sides of the feet, with a high rise of the knee (hip), a roll from heel to toe, an additional step to the right and left. Walking in a column one at a time, two at a time, three at a time, along the walls of the hall with a turn, performing various tasks of the teacher.
Balance exercises.
Walking on a narrow rail of a gymnastic bench, a rope (diameter 1.5–3 cm), on an inclined board straight and sideways, on toes. Walking on a gymnastic bench, stepping over medicine balls, squatting in the middle, laying out and collecting objects, rolling a ball in front of you with both hands, sideways (side step) with a bag of sand on your head. Walking on an inclined board up and down on your toes, sideways with an extension step. Spinning in pairs, holding hands.
Run.
Running is normal, on toes, with a high rise of the knee (hip), small and wide steps, in a column, one or two at a time; snake, scattered, with obstacles. Continuous running for 1.5–2 minutes at a slow pace, running at an average pace for 80-120 m (2–3 times) alternating with walking; shuttle run 3 times 10 m each. Speed run: 20 m in approximately 5–5.5 seconds (by the end of the year 30 m in 7.5–8.5 seconds). Running up and down on an inclined board on your toes, sideways with an extension step. Spinning in pairs, holding hands.
Crawling and climbing.
Crawling on all fours like a snake between objects, alternating with walking, running, crawling over obstacles; crawling on all fours (distance 3–4 m), pushing the ball with the head; crawling on a gymnastic bench, leaning on your forearms and knees, on your stomach, pulling yourself up with your arms. Climbing over several objects in a row, climbing into a hoop in different ways, climbing a gymnastic wall (height 2.5 m) with changing tempo, climbing from one flight to another, climbing between slats.
Jumping.
Jumping on two legs in place (30-40 jumps 2-3 times) alternating with walking, in different ways (legs crossed, legs apart, one leg forward - the other back), moving forward (at a distance of 3-4 m). Jumping on one leg (right and left) in place and moving forward, in height from a place straight and sideways through 5-6 objects - alternately through each (height 15-20 cm). Jumping on a soft surface 20 cm high, jumping from a height of 30 cm to a designated place, long jump from a place (at least 80 cm), long jump from a run (about 100 cm), high jump from a run (30–40 cm). Jumping over a short rope, rotating it back and forth, over a long rope (stationary and swinging).
Throwing, catching, throwing.
Throwing the ball up onto the ground and catching it with both hands (at least 10 times in a row); one hand (right, left at least 4–6 times); throwing the ball up and catching it with clapping. Throwing the ball from one hand to another, to each other from different starting positions and formations, in various ways (from below, from behind the head, from the chest, with a bounce from the ground). Hitting the ball on the ground in place with moving forward (at a distance of 5–6 m), rolling medicine balls (weight 1 kg). Throwing objects at a distance (at least 5–9 m), at a horizontal and vertical target (the center of the target at a height of 1 m) from a distance of 3–4 m.
Drill exercises.
Form in a column one at a time, in a circle in a line; formation into a column of twos, threes; alignment to the back of the head, in a column, in a line. Opening in a column - with outstretched arms forward, in a line - with outstretched arms to the sides. Turns right, left, stepping around, jumping.
Rhythmic gymnastics.
Beautiful, graceful performance of familiar physical exercises to music. Coordination of the rhythm of movements with a piece of music.
General developmental exercises
Exercises for the hands, development and strengthening of the muscles of the shoulder girdle.
Extend your arms to the sides from the position of your hands in front of your chest; raise your arms up and spread them to the sides with your palms up from the position of your hands behind your head. Raise your hands with your fingers clasped (the hands are turned with the backs inward) forward - up; raise your arms up and back alternately, at the same time. Raise and lower brushes; clench and unclench your fingers.
Exercises to develop and strengthen back muscles and spinal flexibility.
Raise your arms up and down, standing against the wall, touching it with the back of your head, shoulders, back, buttocks and heels. Alternately raise your bent straight legs, pressing against the gymnastics wall and holding the bar at waist level with your hands. Lean forward, facing the gymnastic wall and grasping the bar at waist level; lean forward, trying to touch the floor with your palms; bend over, raising your clasped hands behind your back. Turn around, spreading your arms to the sides, from the positions of your arms in front of your chest, with your hands behind your head. Alternately move your legs to the sides from a crouching position; move your legs, crossing them from the starting position lying on your back. Pull your head and leg to your chest (group); doing pull-ups on a gymnastics bench.
Exercises to develop and strengthen the abdominal and leg muscles.
Walk in place without lifting your toes off the floor. Squat down (every time lower), raising your arms forward, up, behind your back. Raise straight legs forward (swing); perform a lunge forward, to the side (holding your hands on your belt, moving your hands forward, to the side, up).
Grab objects with your toes, lift and lower them; shift, move them from place to place. Step sideways on your heels, resting your toes on the stick (rope).
Static exercises.
Maintain balance while standing on a gymnastic bench on your toes, squatting on your toes; maintain balance after running and jumping (squatting on your toes, arms to the sides), standing on one leg, hands on your belt.
Sport exercises
Sledging.
Take each other for rides, go down the hill in twos. Make turns when descending.
Slip.
Slide along icy paths with a running start, crouching and standing up while sliding.
Skiing.
Skiing with a sliding step. Perform turns on the spot and while moving. Climb the hill using a ladder and descend it in a low stance. Ski at a slow pace for a distance of 1–2 km. Skiing games: “Who will turn first?”, “Slalom”, “Lift up”, “Catch up”.
Bicycle and scooter riding.
Ride a two-wheeled bicycle independently in a straight line, make left and right turns. Ride a scooter, pushing off with your right and left foot.
Swimming.
Move your legs up and down, sitting in the water in a shallow place and lying down, supporting yourself with your hands. Perform various movements with your hands in the water. Slide on your chest and back, exhale into the water. Swim freely. Games on the water: “Fountain”, “Box”, “The Sea is Worried”, “Swing”, “Train in the Tunnel”, “Catch the Water”, “Waves on the Sea”.
Hydroaerobics.
Move in the water, performing turns, jumps and other general development exercises, standing at the side.
Sport games
Towns.
Throw bats from the side, taking the correct starting position. Know 3-4 figures. Knock out towns from the half-cone (2–3 m) and the cone (5–6 m).
Basketball elements.
Throw the ball to each other with both hands from the chest, dribble the ball with your right or left hand. Throw the ball into the basket with both hands from the chest.
Badminton.
Hit the shuttlecock with a racket, pointing it in a certain direction. Play together with a teacher.
Elements of football.
Roll the ball with your right and left foot in a given direction. Dribble the ball around objects; roll into holes, gates. Pass the ball with your feet to each other in pairs, hit it against the wall several times in a row.
Hockey elements.
Roll the puck with your stick in a given direction and roll it into the goal. Roll the puck to each other in pairs.
Outdoor games
Continue to teach children to independently organize familiar outdoor games, bring them to completion, showing initiative and creativity.
To instill in children a desire to participate in games with elements of competition and relay races. Teach sports games and exercises.
Examples of games
Let's run away.
“Traps”, “Corners”, “Pair running”, “Mousetrap”, “We are funny guys”, “Geese-swans”, “Make a figure”, “Crucian carp and pike”, “Dashes”, “Sly fox”, “ Counter dashes", "Empty place", "Entertainers", "Homeless hare".
With jumping.
“Don’t stay on the floor”, “Who will jump better?”, “Fishing rod”, “From bump to bump”, “Who will make fewer jumps?”, “Classes”.
With climbing and crawling.
“Who will get to the flag faster?”, “The Bear and the Bees”, “Firemen in training”.
With throwing.
“Hunters and Hares”, “Throw the Flag”, “Hit the Hoop”, “Knock the Ball”, “Knock the Pin”, “Ball Driver”, “Ball School”, “Serso”.
Relay races.
“Relay in pairs”, “Carry the ball without hitting the pin”, “Throw the ball into the hoop”, “Obstacle course”.
With elements of competition.
“Who will get through the hoop to the flag faster?”, “Who is faster?”, “Who is taller?”.
Folk games.
“Burn, burn clearly!” and etc.
Education of cultural and hygienic skills
Cultivate the habit of keeping your body clean, your clothes and hair tidy; Brush your teeth yourself, keep your nails clean; When coughing and sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue and turn to the side.
Teach how to quickly and neatly dress and undress, maintain order in your closet (put clothes in certain places), and make your bed neatly.
Continue to improve your eating skills: use cutlery (fork, knife) correctly; eat carefully, silently, maintaining correct posture at the table.
By the end of the year, children can
• Walk and run easily, rhythmically, maintaining correct posture, direction and pace.
• Climb the gymnastic wall (height 2.5 m) with changing tempo.
• Jump onto a soft surface (height 20 cm), jump
to the designated place from a height of 30 cm, long jump from a standing position (at least 80 cm), from a running start (at least 100 cm); in height from the run (at least 40 cm); jump over a short and long rope.
• Throw objects with the right and left hand at a distance of 5–9 m,
at a vertical and horizontal target from a distance of 3–4 m, combine a swing with a throw, throw the ball up onto the ground and catch it with one hand, hit the ball on the spot at least 10 times, while walking (distance 6 m), control the ball.
• Perform static and dynamic balance exercises.
• Form a column of three or four; align, open in a column, line; make turns right, left, around.
• Know the starting points, the sequence of performing general developmental exercises, and understand their health-improving significance.
• Slide along the icy paths while completing the task.
• Skiing at a sliding pace for a distance of about 2 km; take care of your skis.
• Ride a scooter.
• Participate in exercises with elements of sports games: gorodki, badminton, football, hockey.
• Swim freely.
• Perform elements of hydroaerobics; independently organize familiar outdoor games, come up with games based on given plots with the help of the teacher.
• Continue to develop creativity in motor activity, develop the ability to vary exercises and games, invent and perform imitation and non-imitation exercises, demonstrating beauty, grace, expressiveness, and plasticity of movements.
Organization of work of preschool children in cognitive cycle classes
The work begins with a repetition of what was covered in the middle group, the level of mathematical concepts is revealed. For this purpose, approximately 5 lessons are allocated, in which everything that children have learned before is consolidated - ideas about shape, quantity and magnitude, counting within 10.
The duration of classes in the senior group remains virtually unchanged, but the amount of knowledge transferred and the pace of work increase. But the activity of children is facilitated by the fact that it is carried out in the form of a game, which is very attractive for the child.
The preschool education program provides that the senior group of preschool educational institutions always begins classes with repetition, which makes it possible to introduce new knowledge into the system of previously acquired knowledge. It is carried out in the form of playful exercises, which stimulates the child’s interest. Reinforcing classes also begin with them.
What knowledge do preschoolers acquire in math classes?
Mathematics classes in the senior group of kindergarten teach children to correctly distinguish between geometric shapes that are similar in shape, for example, a square and a rectangle, as well as analyze objects and describe their shape, evaluate sizes using three indicators: length, width and height.
In older preschoolers, the ability to determine in words how objects are located relative to each other (right, left, in front), to freely navigate in space (standing near a locker, in front of a table, behind a chair), to change the direction of one’s movement (to the right, to the left) and remember the names of the days of the week, as well as their sequence.
The benefits of rhythmic exercises for children
In addition to classes to prepare for literacy, reading and basic mathematical concepts, the preschool program provides for the development of musical and rhythmic abilities in children. For this purpose, many preschool educational institutions have included rhythm classes.
Experience shows that such activities in kindergarten and in the senior group not only bring joy to the child and amuse him, but also have many other positive factors. Among them are the following:
- They instill a love of dancing and music and develop musical taste.
- Thanks to them, shy children can relax, and active ones get good physical relaxation.
- All children begin to share concepts such as the style of music, its rhythm and tempo.
- Both the child’s physical fitness and coordination of movements improve significantly.
- Children have the opportunity to learn how to react adequately to any situation, control their state of mind and correctly express emotions.
All this led to the fact that great attention began to be paid to rhythm classes in the preschool education system.
Since mothers and fathers always want to know what their child is doing in kindergarten and what he is learning there, especially if the institution’s program includes classes that are not included in the compulsory preschool program, the kindergarten most often strives to conduct an open lesson on rhythm in the senior group simultaneously with parent meeting.
This is done so that it is possible to demonstrate to parents the skills and abilities acquired by their children, as well as the style of conducting lessons.
What are the features and structure of classes in the senior group?
Activities in kindergarten are given the main place. Education for older preschoolers is carried out mostly in the form of work in subgroups. This includes classes from the cognitive cycle: preparation for mastering literacy, mathematics, familiarization with the outside world, development of musical and rhythmic abilities and artistic and productive activities.
Their peculiarities are both the conduct of the entire lesson in the form of a game, and the inclusion of various game elements in its structure. This makes it easier not only for the child to acquire the necessary knowledge, but also to consolidate it. Through play it is easier to learn how to apply them in practice, since such activities are the main ones for children of this age.
The structure of a lesson in kindergarten in the senior group is determined by its program content. It usually consists of several parts (from one to five). The amount depends on the age of the children and the nature of the tasks assigned to them.
Each part of the lesson is its structural unit and includes various methods and techniques, as well as didactic tools that are aimed at achieving a specific task.
What is the purpose of classes with preschoolers?
Since the kindergarten has taken over the issue of high-quality preparation of preschoolers for study in the 1st grade, the senior group now takes the same classes as the preparatory group, so that the children have time to develop the necessary skills, perseverance, and the ability to think logically.
The task of the teacher in this case becomes to transfer to children not only the necessary knowledge, but also skills and abilities. This makes it possible to develop curiosity in the child, the ability to work together, independence, and also enriches spiritual and physical culture.
All teachers of preschool institutions must prepare notes for classes in kindergarten. A preschool educational institution that begins to work according to the FOGS system sets the main requirement for training as the presence of various game elements in any of them. Through this form, children acquire the necessary knowledge and skills much better.
Instructions for the teacher for conducting classes
In order for classes in a group of older preschoolers to be effective and interesting for children, the teacher should follow some rules.
- Classes in kindergarten in the senior group involve the presentation of new, rather complex material in the form of a game. This develops visual memory and imaginative thinking well. In addition, the competitive element present in them spurs children to better assimilate knowledge.
- It is worth devoting sufficient time to repetition. But it is not necessary to do this during the lesson; you can do several repetition sessions at the beginning of the month.
- In order not to lose children's attention, you need to monitor the change in their activities. Various types of exercises, games, songs, riddles and dances should be interspersed.
And remember that adults should communicate with children only in a friendly manner. Under no circumstances should you use a commanding tone in class, much less scold a child.
