In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard, preschool teachers must instill in their pupils the skills of safe handling of fire and its sources. The fire safety corner in kindergarten is designed to: introduce the child to the concept of fire in a playful way; warn about the danger that threatens a person when confronted with smoke and open fire; familiarize yourself with the rules for safe handling of matches and household appliances; show how to prevent danger; tell what measures need to be taken in the event of an emergency; to whom and how to report a fire. Designing stands is a useful creative process that will help instill in a child a culture of handling household fire sources.
The need to know the rules of behavior in case of fire in kindergarten
A fire is an emergency situation during which people’s property, their health and life may be damaged.
Note! The danger of fire threatens a person regardless of age, therefore, from early childhood, parents, educators and teachers should tell children about the rules of behavior in the event of the uncontrolled spread of fire.
Example of a fire safety corner
What should a preschooler do if there is a fire alarm?
A fire alarm should not take a child by surprise. Every kindergarten student and secondary school student must clearly know how to behave in the event of an emergency and what actions to take.
What your child needs to know:
- a plan for exiting the preschool educational institution into the open air;
- rules of conduct (strictly follow the teacher’s instructions, do not panic, do not try to jump from windows, do not hide from flames indoors, call for help);
- if the room is smoky, put a cotton-gauze bandage on your face or cover your breathing organs with a damp cloth;
- in an organized manner, two people move towards the exit as close to the floor as possible, since below the concentration of harmful substances in the air is lower;
- participate in roll call.
These measures will help preserve health and life.
How to leave the premises in an orderly manner
The need for such training
Working with children in this direction, kindergarten teachers and primary school teachers lay the foundations of fire safety in children.
To which growing children will return many times. In different variations, in different designs.
These crafts, like many others, will help them better understand the world around them. Feel the texture of materials to the touch, their pliability.
Children learn to be creative when creating crafts. This means that when they grow up, they will create something new that has not yet existed. And that's great.
General rules for stand design
A standard size has been developed for the stand: 490 x 770 mm, but it can vary. The main requirement is good perception of information. Pictures should be clear and bright, and easy-to-read text and diagrams should be presented on a contrasting background. Important information needs to be conveyed in simple language, divided into blocks of attention.
Stand example
Modern means of attracting attention: infographics, flip books
Thanks to the properties of visual memory, the child will reliably learn information on the topic of fire.
Scenarios for preschool propaganda teams on traffic rules in kindergarten
A fire safety corner in a preschool institution may include:
- texts and images illustrating the risks when using matches, household electrical appliances, sockets;
- possible consequences of careless handling;
- procedure for action in the event of an emergency;
- description of the activities of firefighters;
- telephone numbers to call in case of an emergency;
- themed toys: fire trucks, rescue figures, fire extinguishers;
- pop-up books whose characters show correct and dangerous examples of handling electrical appliances in everyday life;
- other materials to familiarize your child with safety rules.
Note! Important information is quickly and clearly perceived and assimilated by the child thanks to the use of infographic elements. It transmits data through images, tables, diagrams.
Another example of a fire corner
Actions in case of fire in pictures
Illustrations, supplemented with text, will help to clearly tell preschoolers about the main causes of fires.
Among them:
- careless actions;
- game with matches;
- included electrical appliances and gas stoves;
- use of pyrotechnics.
The preschooler must learn the rules of behavior if the fire begins to spread:
- dial the fire department phone number 01 and call rescuers;
- extinguish minor fires with a blanket;
- get out of the building and close the door behind you, and if this is not possible, go out onto the balcony and breathe through a damp cloth.
In a separate block you should use pictures that show what is not allowed:
- fill electrical appliances with water;
- hide in the back of the room;
- use the elevator and stairs if there is smoke.
Poster "Fighting Fire"
Methods for presenting material to pictures on fire safety for children
Always try to involve kids in the learning process as much as possible. Do not reduce the lesson to a dry listing of some facts. Act out a skit, write a story and read a fairy tale, use educational games.
For example, come up with a story about how the boys Sasha and Volodya went into the forest, how one did not want to light a fire, but the second laughed at him. As the squirrels and the hedgehog warned them, but they did not listen. Let your kids complete the story, let them say what they would do in the children’s place.
Tell us about how the fire caught fire in the house of Denis’s older brother and the girl Vika. How the girl wanted to hide behind the closet, but her brother said what to do, said what would be the right thing to do. My brother learned the information at school and knows where to call in case of a fire. Do your children know?
Accompany each image with such information, and the learning process for children will be very effective.
What should be in the fire safety corner
The corner should include a poster with thematic graphic and text information, toys and toy fire extinguishing equipment for acting out fire extinguishing scenes and electrical appliances with children.
Action plan in case of fire
The action plan should illustrate safe ways to exit the premises in an emergency.
Designations:
- arrows indicate the direction of movement to the exits;
- emergency exits;
- main and alternate routes;
- The locations of fire protection equipment, first aid kits, fire alarm buttons, and de-energization points are marked.
Output designations
Poster about primary fire extinguishing agents
On a poster dedicated to primary fire extinguishing means, their images should be placed:
- fire shield and its contents;
- fire extinguishers, their types and rules of use;
- box with sand + shovel;
- container with water and buckets;
- fiberglass for extinguishing minor fires;
- hose for connection to the tap.
Fine arts lesson on the topic “Soldier on duty” in senior groups of preschool educational institutions
Rules for working with a fire extinguisher
A fire extinguisher is designed to eliminate small fires when a fire has just started.
The fire safety corner should include:
- a poster on the rules for using this device;
- image of a fire extinguisher, its components with signatures of each element;
- rules for the location of the device;
- preparation for use and application.
Each stage should be illustrated and accompanied by text information.
For your information! To start the device, you need to break the seal and pull the pin. Then position the sprayer in the direction of the source of fire and press the lever.
Usage:
- should be extinguished from the windward side;
- on an open surface, the jet should be directed towards the base of the flame, and in niches - upward;
- It is most effective to work in a group and use several fire extinguishers;
- Do not bend the hose;
- when extinguishing an electrical installation, you do not need to bring the powder device closer than 1 m to the combustion source;
- It is recommended to simmer at intervals of 5 seconds;
- When working with a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, do not touch the socket due to the risk of frostbite on your hands.
Fire extinguisher and its use
Preschool evacuation plan
The kindergarten evacuation plan must be presented on a poster in the form of a diagram of all kindergarten premises. At the bottom of the stand you should indicate the numbers of rescue services and information that should be provided to firefighters (address of the institution, location of the fire, your last name). All symbols and their meaning must be in the form of icons.
Fire safety signs and other pictures
Lyudmila Maksimchuk, poetess, writer, artist, Member of the Union of Writers of Russia, Moscow city organization
* * * I recently published a book, “Fire and Light,” essays for children on a fire theme, with the author’s illustrations. Here are the excerpts. * * * Poem “Fire and Light”
Instead of an introduction
Once the children were resting in a clearing by the river. They swam all day, sunbathed and played, picked strawberries, and picked flowers for home. They were already getting ready to go home - Lo and behold, lights had come running from somewhere to that clearing.
These are the reflections of the sun that sparkled here and there on the strawberry leaves and ran through the flowers.
Suddenly one of the lights seemed to come to life, became brighter, Shined and sparkled between the collected flowers,
He became taller - Amazed the kids!
And then he spoke - I was even more surprised:
“You guys, calm down, don’t run at full speed. I’ve long wanted to have a heart-to-heart talk with you.”
The oldest boy spoke boldly: “Who are you, and what do we care about you?”
“I am a cheerful Light, a light, clear firefly.
I’ve been quietly watching you for a long time and I want to say one thing: I want to help you,
I’m not going to offend you, I’ll try to teach you, so that you don’t get into trouble, so that you are happy.
Just don't be scared, move closer. Don’t be distracted from my story!”
The Children looked at each other, and then sat down on the green grass next to the Light.
Chapter I. Ogonyok's story
...I am in New Year's garlands, In the brilliance of the sun's rays, I am in spring round dances And in the flowering fields,
In warm drops of dew, In splashes by the river spit,
In summer games around the fire, in winter fairy tales until the morning.
I am obedient to man, I bring warmth and light, I am needed everywhere, everywhere, Without me there is no life.
I am in the movement of cars, airplanes, ships, Man is my master, I am an assistant for people.
Just know from an early age: I have an older brother, He was born many thousands of years ago.
He is Fire, not Light, He is cunning and cruel,
Insatiable, merciless, Sweeps away everything on the way, Walls, doors and locks - Don't joke with this brother!
It is not in vain that they say that fire is always dangerous.
So, learn to think and beware of the elements.
After all, a light flash is enough to turn from a baby sparkle into a Monster-Fire. What do you know about him?
But where did he come from? Why is he so scary? And why is he so formidable?
Chapter II. Ancient legend
...Everything is not so simple in the world, on Earth and in Heaven. Our ancestors used to live on plains and forests,
They lived hungry and meagerly, They lived short and difficult,
Either they suffered from the dampness, or they shivered from the cold, and they knew almost no warmth, they waited for the sun and summer, they waited for sunlight, their caves were warmed only by the bright light of day; But they didn’t light the fire - There was simply no fire.
But it happened that one day the very brave and brave Famous Prometheus took pity on ordinary people.
Knowing their sorrowful lot, He brought from Heaven with Him Deliverance from troubles, the Highest Gift - warmth and light.
Prometheus is a special case, an amazing hero! He paid for it. At a very high price -
So he fulfilled his duty, Otherwise he could not live!
...So the Fire came to Earth, To serve people, And, of course, it was necessary to protect and guard the Gift.
What did people do? How was the gift appreciated?
People began to rejoice and control nature; After all, with Fire you can see even at night, After all, with Fire you will be warm and satisfying, After all, with Fire you will no longer freeze and starve!
...It’s a pity that people were unable to appreciate the Gift of Heaven, But they imagined that now they are omnipotent, That now they are free, They will overcome anything, That the wild beast is not afraid, That they are now kings.
They left stoves, furnaces and fires unattended, they fought, they fought, they burned the houses of their enemies, they destroyed their yards.
And what did they wait for? What did you end up with?
...So the poor man, the unreasonable man, punished himself forever:
I lost my caution and suffered for it.
From that time on, Fire, agile, impudent, greedy, rebellious, is ready to burn and burn everything; In three minutes anything will turn into a big oven;
He promises warmth, but hides a great evil!
Chapter III. Meeting with Fire
Before we had time to look back, the Fire itself was right there: “Who’s sleeping here? It's time to wake up! Two minutes is enough for me
Maybe one will be enough...” - “Brother, you’re too angry!” –
“I didn’t immediately become like how they paint a flame. It’s people, my brother, who have themselves to blame!”
The children were frightened by a huge Giant: He stood in front of them like a rampart, Breathed with intense heat, The treacherous brother blew black smoke around.
And the guys got scared - They instantly ran away, Hidden and don’t know what to do next... But the cheerful Light asked to cool down
Brother irrepressible, daring, homeless.
Ogonyok objects to the heartless Brother: “Don’t be angry and give me time - People will learn a lesson And children will be taught for future good and eternal things!”
Fire grins - Fire answers: “Am I dreaming?” The brother said: “No.
I'll call the kids, I'll tell you everything you need. Just don’t bother me, don’t appear before my eyes!”
The Fire promised mercy, the One with whom there is no sweetness:
“I have no peace, Almighty Fire, I get so angry at times - I’m afraid of myself, If I fall apart, If I fall apart!!!
I know people - I despise them all! But I will respect you - And your company, So be it, I will not turn into ashes or soot.
Well, while I wait, I’ll look at the kids, stupid, incomprehensible and sloppy.
I’ll sit on the sidelines at the gas station!”
...Indeed, he walked away on a dry trail.
Ogonyok decided to quickly continue the conversation. He called the children again, sat them in a circle: “Are you ready yet?” - “Begin, my friend!”
Ogonyok smiled: “I am always your friend!”
But I want to warn you - I will teach you strictly!”
...The children were very inattentive at first, only the girl listened diligently,
I remembered how I recently saw a fire... The imperturbable flame continued:
“Know, children, there is no harmless fire! The flame of pity does not know... Here, listen to me.”
Chapter IV. How does this happen? How do fires happen?
And so the Light began, a light, clear firefly.
Story one
Mom turned on the iron, and suddenly a neighbor came to see her. Mom forgot about the iron, And the conversation flowed;
We had a heart-to-heart conversation... And the smoke was pouring out thickly! That’s when they realized it, They rushed about, they spun, They were poisoned by the acrid smoke, They lost a lot of strength.
They didn’t call at “01” And they forgot where the water was... Fortunately, the children were at school, They were not touched by trouble.
Well, when there is a flame in the window, And in the entrance there is smoke and stench, And above, above the floors, Burning, and whistling, and black hail -
Then the fire trucks themselves sense where it is burning, and the fire brigade flies like an arrow to the call.
It’s good that they arrived in time, It’s good that people were saved... Three apartments burned down. It's good that there are only three...
And the neighbors suffered. Those who had nothing to do with it. Previously, they didn’t know how much it was, but now they know what it costs!
Story two
Dad lit a cigarette in bed - He was tired at work. Less than half an hour passed, I quietly dozed off.
I was lucky that my son saw him and put out the cigarette. Who jokes with a cigarette? ...But dad wasn’t joking.
In the morning dad woke up, his son said to him: “If someone smokes while lying down, it means he will burn alive!”
Story three
The trees are slender and elegant, the lights on them are burning. New Year's garlands shine attractively,
And the lanterns are colored, And the gifts are miracles! It's good when New Year's beauty is lucky.
...Once on a New Year's holiday there were guests until the morning. Cake, candy, Fanta, sweets, Fireworks, laughter, game,
Fables, dances, songs, speeches - the ceiling almost collapsed! ...The overturned candles summed it all up.
The life of the housewife is in question; Five were barely saved, together with Grandfather Frost they were carried away on a stretcher.
...The New Year is such a “fable”, It will repeat itself again... How dangerous is the holiday, If you celebrate it like this!
Story four
The newest TV, finally bought; Immediately connected to an electrical outlet,
Or rather, not to the outlet - To the tee with a load: “So what? It will do for a while - Simply, in Russian!
The heater is next door, And the computer is through the wall, On the sofa there is a heating pad and an electric blanket. There is so much equipment in the apartment, but there is no control!!!
Somewhere they reported something, And they wrote instructions, They demanded something, So that the fire could be prevented with the right approach.
Eh, why didn’t anyone listen to Smart words? Simplicity is sometimes worse than theft.
Day after day I got away with it, But one day or suddenly...
Would anyone have thought that something strange would happen? – There is a malfunction in the TV outside.
The TV instantly burst into flames like straw... Only the grandmother and children remained at home.
The old lady was so scared that she locked herself in the bedroom... The story is sad - And the ending is sad.
Fortunately, the children survived, (Black, grimy), because the firefighters arrived on time.
And other neighbors were also removed from the attack. If you were a little late for help, you would hardly survive!
Story five
There is nothing worse than a fire in the kitchen. There is a stove working here, there are a lot of appliances here,
Flame of a gas burner, intense heat of electric stoves. All you have to do is gape, it will immediately flare up and burn
Either spilled grease, or a rag... Or forgotten laundry Above the oven in disarray, Dries at night, dries during the day...
And then... It is already known what happens next. “...How are the guys, I wonder? And I myself, an honest critic, haven’t bored you yet?”
...The children listen to the stories and worry, and then, vying with each other, they smartly answer:
“No, my friend, continue, We need science. We already understand: the fire is not a simple joke.”
“Okay,” said Ogonyok, “Let your studies be useful!”
What have we forgotten? What hasn’t been covered yet?”
The kids remember, and then they list,
Light corrects them and clarifies the details:
“They lit a fire in the forest, But they didn’t put it out... They forgot to put out the cigarette butts in a hurry, Or they decided to throw them in the trash can...
They set fire to last year's grass with laughter... They played with matches, Not in a dream, but in reality,
Behind the woodpile. There’s definitely no time for dreams here!!!
Here - there was a lighter lying around at the gas station... Here they gave a firecracker in the hands of the Little Sister...
Pyrotechnics in general are dangerous for people, and adults allow children to see them in vain!”
October 2012
Plasticine crafts
Among the DIY crafts on the topic of fire safety, there are quite a few options made from plasticine.
This material allows you to create both three-dimensional figures and applications on cardboard. Using plasticine of different colors, you can easily make a fire truck, ladder and firefighters.
Using this material, children will not only be able to learn the features of fire safety, but will also gain minimal handicraft skills. If you have talent in fine arts, you can create a real picture of ashes by telling your child in detail about the negative consequences of playing with fire.
Volumetric crafts
Studying photos of crafts on the topic of fire safety, you can also note voluminous projects. But making them requires certain creative skills.
There are several options for creating volumetric crafts:
- Volumetric figure. As an example, we can use a fire, which is one of the most common causes of fires. Logs are laid out on a cardboard sheet, which is a cylinder made of thick paper. In the middle there is a flame, which is pre-cut out of red, yellow and orange paper.
- A three-dimensional painting in the form of a double-leaf postcard made of thick paper. On the inside of one of the halves, various figures are glued to the pre-bent edge: a fire, trees, firefighters, which are pressed using the second flap. On the second half, an applique or drawing is formed.
For older children, more complex craft options are available. For example, you can create a “fire fighting” composition using various elements, construction sets, plasticine, matches.
This composition option is suitable even for regional or city creative competitions.
Each of the presented craft options will allow the child to better immerse himself in the topic of fire safety. If you explain to your child from childhood, even in a playful way, how dangerous it is to play with fire, then in the future you will be able to avoid a lot of troubles.
