Finger gymnastics card index (senior group) on the topic

Finger gymnastics and its meaning for a child

Research has proven that the development of a child’s speech directly depends on the development of manual motor skills. At a high level, logic, coherent speech, memory and attention are well developed. Moreover, if, upon reaching four years of age, a child cannot bring water to his face in his joined palms, then his manual fine motor skills are lagging behind in development. That’s when parents turn to finger gymnastics for help for their kids.

Finger gymnastics

Methods and goals of finger gymnastics in kindergarten

At the preschool educational institution, classes are conducted on music, physical education, and even walks. The work plan of a general education institution highlights the following goals:

• Development of finger dexterity, imagination and attention.
• Activation of speech centers.
• Creating a positive attitude in the group.

Note! Finger gymnastics in kindergarten is based on the method of influencing the child’s internal organs with the hands.

For example:

• The thumb point is responsible for the functioning of the brain;
• The index finger is responsible for the functioning of the stomach;
• The middle finger controls the integrity of the spine and intestinal tract;
• The liver is associated with the ring finger;
• Heart with little finger.

Additional attraction of the child's attention

Kinds

Finger exercises are diverse, so experts usually classify them according to the features of their implementation:

• Manipulation. Develop imagination. Each baby's finger serves as a specific association or image. For example, the game "Finger". To do this, take the baby’s hand and, one by one, bend your fingers into a fist. At the same time, we come up with a meaning for each phalanx (little finger - small, ring finger - weak, middle finger - long, index finger - strong, big finger - fat). At the end we add that we have a strong fist.
• Poetic form a . Hand activity, accompanied by poetry, promotes the development of creativity, memory, and attention.

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Game "Home":

1. Place your palms over your head to imitate a roof.

(I want to build a house)

2. Then make a circle with both hands.

(So ​​that there is a window in it)

3. Place your palms vertically.

(So ​​that the house has a door)

4. Raise one hand. We spread our fingers on it in different directions.

(Nearby so that the pine tree grows)

5. Next, we connect the handles into a lock.

(So ​​that there is a fence around)

(The dog guarded the gate).

• Working with objects. For such games, objects located in the house are selected. Great fit:

1. Cereals (peas, semolina, millet, buckwheat and others). With their help, you can draw patterns with your fingers on a flat surface, sort small ones into one container and larger ones into another, make various postcards using glue, etc.
2. Beads. Large beads can be strung on a string to create crafts.
3. Drawing. Choose pencils with clear edges. They will additionally massage the baby's fingers.
4. Paper. The baby is offered to crush and tear the material.

• 
  Plot.

  With their help, the baby makes various shapes using only his fingers (cars, birds, people, etc.).
• Counting tables.
• Massage.
• Games to strengthen your hands.
• Thematic. topic
  is selected for the lesson (seasons, weather conditions, fairy tales). The baby imitates what he heard with his fingers.
• With musical accompaniment (songs with hand movements). This type of game is most often used in kindergarten.
• Kinesiological. Such games involve the simultaneous interaction of two hands. For example, draw a circle in the air with your left hand and a square with your right, or vice versa.

Each of these types helps the child develop physically and emotionally. Specialists who own a whole card index

tasks, use all types of exercises with children
of the younger and older groups
.

Types of exercises for hands and fingers

As a result of playing games for the hands, their muscles are strengthened, the child learns to control the tension and relaxation of the limb. A prerequisite is to show adults the exercise, even if it is familiar to a preschooler.

One such exercise is gates. The palms are directed with the fingers towards each other, placed on the edge. The fingers are tense and straightened. To the command: “The gate is opening,” the palms turn parallel, with the fingers pointing away from you. On the command: “The gate is closing,” the hands return to their original position.

Using the “Let's pet the animal” exercise, you can not only relax your hands, but also bring your child into a dialogue about the pet he has or would like to have - which will also contribute to the development of imagination, thinking and speech. The task itself is simple - first with one hand, then with the second, the child “pets” an imaginary animal.

Important! Conducting finger exercises can begin from infancy - with the mother stroking and massaging the baby’s hands. However, the child will consciously complete tasks no earlier than 4 years old. As a result of this exercise, stiffness in the movements of the fingers and hands will disappear, flexibility and mobility will appear.

Gymnastics for fingers for children. Examples:

• Glasses. The thumbs and index fingers are connected to each other. The resulting “glasses” are brought to the eyes.
• Steamboat. Both palms are placed on the edge and connected, little finger to little finger, forming a ladle. The thumbs are protruded and directed upward.
• Chair and table. Chair - one palm is straightened, and the second is in a fist. The one in the fist is placed at the bottom of the straightened palm, forming a chair. The table is made according to a similar principle, only the straightened palm is placed horizontally on the fist.

Carrying out finger gymnastics in the senior group

Finger games for children 5 years old

Ladder. It’s easy to build a manual ladder, but you can speed up the pace, which trains the child’s voluntary movements and attention.

Instructions. Open hands “look” at each other.

Bring your thumbs together so that you place the nail of your left finger on the pad of the finger of your right hand.

Touch this connection with the index finger of your right hand and repeat with the index finger of your left hand. So the tips of all the fingers take their place in the ladder in turn, ending it with the little finger of the left hand.

Lock. Any adult or older child will show the child how to interlace his fingers so that his hands form a lock. And all further manipulations are interesting to accompany with poetry:

There is a lock on the door.

Who could open it?

Pulled... Twisted...

They knocked. And they opened it!

Obviously, you need to pull so that your hands remain clasped. You also need to twist it with your brushes, without moving your fingers apart. Then tap with the heels of your palm, continuing to hold your fingers in the lock. Children love to perform these actions in a group, gradually speeding up the pace as they repeat.

Fan. Invite the children to fan themselves. But the hands will serve as a fan.

Instructions. Raise your arms in front of you with palms open. The palms are tense, and the thumbs look to the sides. The fingers on both hands, starting with the index, bend and stretch towards the palm. The movements are performed in a chain, finishing with the little fingers.

After the child has mastered the skill, show another way to “work” the fan. Now start the movement with your little fingers, and let your index fingers reach your palms last.

Preparing and conducting finger gymnastics classes at a preschool educational institution

To perform finger and hand gymnastics for children, no special materials are required.

Three-year crisis - advice to parents from a psychologist

Note! The specialist selects exercises based on the age and development level of the group.

Children of the nursery group aged 2-3 years play “animals”, imitating the flapping of the wings of birds or the habits of familiar animals (dog, cat, bear, cockerel, cow). In this case, the teacher first shows the exercises individually, correcting and correcting each one. When this stage is passed, all the studied material is repeated in subgroups.

At the age of 3-4 years, the study of movements that strengthen the hands begins. To do this, tasks are given to depict familiar objects, such as a castle, a hammer, a flower.

4-5 year old children (pupils of the middle group) study both static and dynamic exercises. Gymnastics for fingers in kindergarten is carried out following the example of the teacher, and then the image begins to be modified (the gate opened - the gate closed).

At 5-6 years old (older group), the teacher no longer shows movements, children learn to perceive tasks by ear and reproduce them.

Note! By the sixth year of life, children are happy to organize impromptu “classes” for younger children, based on the exercises they have learned.

By the age of 6-7 years, classes take on the format of an imagination game. Taking an already familiar position, the child must tell the story associated with it, and also modify the position of his hands during his speech. At the age of six, a child, possessing a remarkable imagination, is able not only to retell a story familiar to him, but also to build his own, relying on visual material.

Approximate time plan for finger gymnastics in different age groups

Following the rules of the Federal State Educational Standard, the timing of finger gymnastics in groups of different ages is different. Class time is counted including warm-up and cool-down:

• 5 minutes - for younger preschoolers (2-4 years). In this case: 1 minute for warming up, 2 - for learning a new game, 1 - for repeating the old one, 1 - for massage with special balls.
• 7-9 minutes - for older preschoolers (5-7 years old). In this case: 1 minute for warming up, 1 - for performing static exercises, 2 - for conducting 2 dynamic games, united by a common theme, from 3 to 5 minutes for performing “finger theater”.

Target

Scientists have found that correct speech

The child is completely dependent on the development of fine
motor skills.
The fingertips contain a huge number of nerve endings that send signals to the brain. Therefore, the more accurately and coordinatedly the hands perform movements, the better speech abilities and other skills are formed.

The main tasks of finger games for children

:

From 6 months - 2 years.

1. Brain activation

   
   the main centers responsible for the ability to speak.

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2. Such gymnastics
   stimulates the baby to imitate adults.
   From an early age,
   a child learns to understand others.
3. The child gains the ability to follow an object.
4. An understanding of the rhythm of movements develops.

From 3 – 5 years.

1. Learning to concentrate.
2. Memory development.
3. Activation of the thought process.
4. Relieving physical and emotional stress.

From 5-6 years.

1. Formation of creative abilities.
2. Hand exercises are necessary for the ability to write during school learning.
3. Improving motor coordination skills.
4. Development of imagination and the ability to think outside the box.

On a note!
Only by the age of is a child able to learn to perform hand movements like an adult.
With the help of finger games, the baby learns to quickly switch attention, which promotes mental development. It is important to carry out the exercises in stages, and also to select activities in accordance with the age of the baby.

Finger gymnastics in kindergarten - a card index of games with goals according to the Federal State Educational Standard for the year

Development of logical thinking in preschoolers

In addition to the exercises presented above, the card index can contain tasks on topics of kindergarten, human activity or the objective world around the child.

Important! You can do finger gymnastics at home - on video resources you can see a huge number of examples of performing the exercises. The main thing to remember is that each game should be accompanied by a thematic fairy tale or a short poem. In addition to the exercises presented above, the card index may contain assignments on topics in kindergarten, human activity, or the objective world around the child.

Subgroup lesson

Analysis and diagnosis of finger gymnastics in preschool educational institutions

Diagnostics of the exercises carried out consists of 3 stages:

1. The level of development of children's skills in September is recorded;
2. Interim results are measured in the middle of the year (January - February);
3. The results of the effectiveness of finger gymnastics are summed up at the end of the year (June).

Note! Carrying out finger gymnastics allows you to evaluate and correct the coordination of movements and the development of fine motor skills in a playful way for both younger and preschool children.

Characteristics of finger games in preschool education

 The article defines the concept of “finger games” and discusses approaches to the classification and meaning of finger games in preschool childhood.

Key words: game, finger games, finger exercises, fine motor skills.

Play is the leading activity of a child. During play, the child receives comprehensive development: he gains new knowledge, experience communicating with others, relaxes and has fun, and masters skills. Mental processes also develop - thinking, memory, imagination, speech and others.

Despite the fact that “finger games” were known to many peoples in ancient times, it was only at the end of the 19th century in France that they were included in the preschool curriculum as a method of child development. Friedrich Froebel suggested that there is a relationship between reciting specially memorized stories and repetitive movements. In particular, a beneficial effect on the development of thinking, memory, and self-knowledge of the child was indicated.

In folk pedagogy, these games were often used in conjunction with other small genres of folklore (nursery rhymes, jokes, teasers, etc.). So, for example, everyone knows and loves from childhood such finger games as “The Horned Goat is Coming,” “Ladushki-Ladushki” and “The White-sided Magpie Cooked Porridge,” but this is not a complete list of those games that can and should be used in working with children.

G.V. Plekhanov argued that the game is social in its content, since children reflect in the game what they see around them. Finger games also reflect the reality of the environment - objects, animals, people, their activities, natural phenomena. Play is social in the way it is played. Play activity, as proven by A.V. Zaporozhets, V.V. Davydov, N.Ya. Mikhailenko, is not invented by the child, but is given to him by an adult who teaches the child to play and introduces him to established methods of play actions. Finger games are also social in their methods of implementation, since during the game children repeat the movements of adults.

Finger games are the staging of any rhymed stories or fairy tales using the fingers. Many games require the participation of both hands, which allows children to navigate the concepts of “right”, “left”, “up”, “down”, etc. [1].

Finger games are exercises to improve finger mobility, develop their strength and flexibility and, as a result, improve handwriting; reduction of physical fatigue and moral stress during classes; massage of “active points” on the fingers and palms. It includes exercises for composing all numbers, as well as letters of the Russian alphabet, using fingers and educational objects (pencils, pens, rulers). When learning to read and write, these exercises will help the child not only make his fingers more mobile, but also remember how to write this or that letter and number.

For children from 3 years old, games can be organized that are played with two hands, for example, one hand represents a nest, and the other – a bird landing in the nest. At the age of 4 years, several events are used, replacing each other. In older groups, games can be decorated with a variety of props - small objects, houses, balls, cubes, etc.

Thus, during the game, children stretch their fingers and hands and conduct a kind of finger training. Finger training includes exercises: static (maintaining a certain position given to the fingers), dynamic (developing finger mobility, switching from one position to another), relaxing (normalizing muscle tone), etc. Changing exercises helps to strain, tone, and relax still fragile and inept hands child, gradually forming his motor skills.

A modern researcher in the development of sensory perception in preschool children not only reveals the essence of finger games, but also their main difference from finger exercises, which consists in the accompanying recitative material. Many specialists, especially practical researchers and methodologists working directly in this direction, are inclined to the same conclusion. I. E. Svetlova reveals the importance of finger games as a means of developing fine motor skills in children of primary preschool age, which is that [2]:

 develops finger dexterity, the ability to coordinate and coordinate the movements of hands and fingers;

- the child’s oral speech is formed and developed;

 creative skills and imagination develop;

 basic cultural and hygienic skills are easily instilled;

 concentrates attention on a certain type of activity, which contributes to the development of perseverance;

- the emotional sphere of the child is corrected.

The effectiveness of using finger games in the development of fine motor skills is also emphasized in the study of L. I. Tishchenko, who notes that simple movements, such as finger bends, clamps, unclenches, etc., help to reduce tension in the hands and promote relaxation of the muscles of the whole body [3] . Some finger games prepare the baby for counting, while in others the child must act using both hands, which helps to better understand the concepts of above and below, above and below, right and left.

A wide range of finger games provides great opportunities in their choice. Researchers have proposed various methods of classification; we will present the most capacious and at the same time compact, in our opinion. So I.V. Dvorova, O.P. Rozhkov classify finger games as follows [4]:

- finger games without speech accompaniment;

- finger games with speech accompaniment;

- folk finger games;

 puppet theaters: finger, mitten, glove, shadow theater;

 exercises with fingers using a variety of materials: waste, natural, household materials.

In the pedagogical literature, different types of finger games are distinguished, depending on their purpose (purpose).

1. Manipulation games: “Okay, okay”, “Magpie - white-sided”, “Finger-boy, where have you been?”, “We shared an orange”, “This finger wants to sleep”, “Family”, “One, two, three , four, who lives in my apartment?”, “Fingers went for a walk.” These games develop imagination, and in each finger the child sees one or another object.
2. Subject finger exercises: “Fingers say hello”, “Flowers”, “Rake”, “Christmas tree”, etc. This group also includes exercises that allow children to depict objects of transport and furniture, wild and domestic animals, birds, insects, trees.
3. Finger kinesiological exercises (“brain gymnastics”): “Ring”, “Fist-rib-palm”, “Ear-nose”, “Symmetrical drawings”, “Horizontal figure eight”.
4. Finger games combined with self-massage of the hands and fingers. These games use traditional massage movements - kneading, rubbing, pressing, pinching (from the periphery to, “Putting on gloves”, “Pickling cabbage”, “Warming your hands”, “Hammer”, “Geese nibbling grass.” For more effective self-massage for hands, you can use a walnut, chestnut, massage ball, pencil.

Finger games are a unique system of exercises for fingers and hands, “telling” poems and fairy tales with hands. Fingers and hands acquire mobility, flexibility, and stiffness of movements disappears. In the process of finger games, the child’s perception develops, the ability to listen attentively to the speech of an adult, the baby concentrates attention and learns to distribute it correctly. Memory develops, because in finger games you need to remember a lot - the position of the fingers and the sequence of movements, the poems themselves. The emotional mood increases, good relationships are formed between children and adults. In addition, finger games can be carried out at any time, either as an independent activity or as part of a lesson.

When organizing and conducting finger games, the following rules must be observed:

− you should start with a warm-up - bending and straightening your fingers at a slow pace, tapping. Preliminary work can also be carried out - analysis of the plot of the game with the child, words, individual movements.

- movements of the fingers are performed at a slow pace; if the child cannot independently perform the movement, you need to take his hand in yours and act with him;

- the text of the game is pronounced expressively, making pauses, emphasizing individual words and phrases, and movements are performed synchronously with the text;

− it is necessary to monitor the correct execution of movements of the hand and fingers with optimal amplitude and load;

− finger games are carried out systematically, daily,

− it is necessary to combine already learned games with new ones - introduce an element of novelty, but at the same time recall already familiar ones;

− the duration of the game depends on the age of the children - children play for 3–5 minutes, middle and older children play for 10–15 minutes;

- finger games are carried out for both the right and left hands, with alternating compression, stretching, relaxation of the hands, isolated movements of each of the fingers;

− the child’s creative activity is welcomed and encouraged (he can offer his own movements or words).

The child needs to be shown both simple and complex games. The child becomes a play partner. The location of the adult relative to the child depends on the complexity of the game and the age of the child. If only one hand is involved in the game, then the teacher can sit (stand) on the side of the child. If this is a more complex game that involves both hands, you can sit the child on your lap or place him on a rug and sit the child between your legs.

In some games, for children from two and a half to three years old, you need to sit at a table opposite each other so that the child can observe the movements of the adult’s hands and correlate the visual image with small movements. You can stand opposite each other.

Finger games involve a certain combination of gestures and movements. In order to reproduce finger play, the child needs to be able to differentiate movements and highlight them. Finger play leads the child to begin to perceive the game more fully and comprehensively, as a result of which the perception becomes purposeful and analytical.

Finger games can be said to be an excellent universal, didactic and developmental material. The methodology and meaning of these games is that the nerve endings of the hands affect the child’s brain and brain activity is activated.

Thus, finger games are exercises based on staging a rhyming story, aimed at improving the mobility of the child’s fingers, and therefore are a means of developing fine motor skills.

The ease of organization and implementation, as well as the availability of games already in early preschool age, make it possible to use this method in the context of any regime moment, taking into account the capabilities and different levels of development of children.

Literature:

1. Borisova E. A. Finger games for children 4–5 years old / E. A. Borisova // Speech therapist: scientific and methodological journal / ed. T. V. Tsvetkova, O. A. Stepanova. - 2006. - No. 1. - p. 65–75.
2. Svetlova I. E. Developing fine motor skills and coordination of hand movements / I. E. Svetlova. - M.: "Olma-Press", 2001. - 236 p.
3. Tishchenko L. I. Development of fine motor skills of preschool children / L. I. Tishchenko // Educational projects “Owlet” for preschoolers. - 2014. - No. 12. - P. 56–59.
4. Tkachenko V.N. Finger games as a means of developing fine motor skills in children of primary preschool age // Scientific community of students: Interdisciplinary research: collection. Art. according to mat. XLII international stud. scientific-practical conf. No. 7(42). URL: https://sibac.info/archive/meghdis/7(42).pdf (access date: 11/07/2019)