Workshop for teachers on moral and patriotic education of preschool children. Business game "Weak Link".

About the system of patriotic education

Patriotism is both devotion to one’s Fatherland and the desire to do everything possible to preserve the cultural identity of each people that is part of Russia.

The urgency of the problem lies in the fact that modern children know little about their hometown, country, the peculiarities of folk traditions, are often indifferent to close people, including group mates, and rarely sympathize with the grief of others. Working with parents on the issue of moral and patriotic education in the family is clearly insufficient.

The task of teachers and parents is to awaken in children a love for their native land as early as possible, to form in them such character traits that will help them become a worthy person and a worthy citizen of their country, to cultivate love and respect for their home, kindergarten, home street, and city. a sense of pride in the country’s achievements, love and respect for the army, pride in the courage of soldiers, develop interest in the phenomena of social life accessible to the child.

The teacher’s worldview, his personal example, views, judgments, active life position are the most effective factors in education. If we want our children to love their country, their city, we need to show them from an attractive side. K.D. Ushinsky wrote: “A child has nothing to deny, he needs positive food; only a person who does not understand the needs of childhood can feed him with hatred, despair and contempt.” But no amount of knowledge of the teacher will have any effect if he himself does not love his country, his city, his people. In education, everything should be based on the personality of the teacher.

In our work, we use a variety of methods and techniques of patriotic education, taking into account the psychological characteristics of a preschooler (emotional perception of the environment, imagery and concreteness of thinking, depth and aggravation of first feelings, ignorance of history, lack of understanding of social phenomena, etc.).

Teachers strive to take into account that cultivating love for the Motherland and hometown means connecting educational work with the social life that surrounds the child. In our work, we use the most interesting and effective forms of work - walks, excursions, observations, explanations that encourage children to engage in various activities (playful, verbal, productive, etc.).

Patriotic education permeates all types of children's activities in everyday life and in the classroom. Educators try to instill in children the need to participate in activities for the benefit of the people around them and wildlife, and help them realize that they are an integral part of their small homeland.

In order to properly organize work on patriotic education, we rely on the following documents:

State program “Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation for 2001–2005.”
Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”.
Law “On the days of military glory (victorious days) of Russia.”
Law “On perpetuating the memory of those killed in defense of the Fatherland.”

To provide methodological assistance and improve the professional skills of teachers on the issue of moral and patriotic education of preschoolers, we have drawn up a step-by-step work plan.

Analysis of the annual plan of the preschool educational institution and its adjustment in accordance with the assigned tasks.
Questioning teachers on the topics “Readiness to work on patriotic education”, “Formation of children’s ideas about their hometown” to determine their knowledge of the cultural and historical heritage of our city, knowledge of the methods of introducing children to the origins of national regional culture. The results of the analysis of the questionnaires revealed the need to increase the educational, professional, theoretical and practical knowledge of teachers on the problem of moral and patriotic education of preschool children.
Work with educators on the problem of moral and patriotic education of preschool children.
Activities carried out with children on the issue of moral and patriotic education.
Thematic examination of the work of educators and its evaluation.
Generalization of the experience of creative educators in the patriotic education of preschool children.

Section 2. Work with educators on the problem of moral and patriotic education of preschool children

Tasks.

Use a complex of means (the immediate environment, visual arts, music, the man-made world of the peoples of Yakutia) in order to form a personal attitude towards their hometown, towards modern reality. Involve educators in conducting local history work and studying the state of the environment. Stimulate the activities of educators in studying the traditions, history and culture of their people and native land. Identify innovative forms and methods for environmental education of preschool children. Involve children and teachers in the protection of monuments of the historical and cultural heritage of the people in the city of Mirny.

Activities to solve the assigned tasks

Pedagogical council "Features of patriotic education of preschoolers at the present stage."

Consultations “Revival of Russian national traditions”, “Education of tolerance in preschool children”; “Formation of children’s ideas about their hometown”; “History, traditions and culture of the peoples of Sakha”; “Riches of Yakutia, animals, birds, fish”; "Flora world of Yakutia"; “The symbolism of Russia and Yakutia, and its historical roots. Forms of working with parents to instill a sense of patriotism in children.”

Workshop. To improve the professional competence of teachers in the field of modern methods and forms of patriotic education, a workshop was held, which included five lessons. Classes were held once a month. Teachers independently studied methodological literature (see recommended literature at the end of the article).

The Museum of Patriotic Education of Preschool Children has been opened in our kindergarten - this is a teaching and development environment that gives good results in the patriotic education of a preschooler - a future citizen. By museum work we mean not only the organization of displays or exhibitions, but various forms of activity, including the search and collection of materials, meetings with people, their memories, leisure time and holidays. Museum materials, presented in a form accessible to children, provide an opportunity to get in touch with the history of their city, republic, and country. The exhibits are selected not only by teachers, but also by children and parents. This is important so that they feel involved in preserving the spiritual and material heritage of the past. It has become a tradition to hold a game called “Grandma’s Chest”, when children who have found exhibits for the museum are given the opportunity to talk about them. The students are proud that the objects they collected remain in the museum. The museum exhibits photographs and photographic documents from the archives of the families of kindergarten students. We try to make them understand that the past, present and future are inseparable, that we are part of a single tree of life.

The museum exhibits are distributed in accordance with their themes and purpose into sections:

“From the history of the native city”: the founding of the city, the history of the names of the city streets (photo materials, short descriptive texts), sacred places, favorite places of the townspeople.
“Life of a modern city”: participation of children in significant events of the divisions of the joint-stock company (a leader in the field of exploration, mining and sale of diamonds), reports about leading workers who are the bosses of our preschool institution, photographs from the life of a modern city.
“The history of our kindergarten since its foundation”: photographic documents about the opening of the kindergarten, a photo exhibition and memories of the first employees, materials from significant dates.
“The city where I live”: a stand with photographs of recognizable places in the city and comments on them.
"To children about the Great Victory."
Models of a Russian hut and a Yakut booth, urasses with household items of two peoples.

A special form of professional development is meetings between educators in the creative lounge “My Native Land - Sakha”. In the kindergarten, creative micro-groups of teachers have been created who speak to teachers with messages about their native country, its customs and the culture of their people: “Myths of the peoples of Sakha”, “Myths about the creation of the Earth”, “Masters of the land, forest and water”, “ Myths about the three worlds." “Supernatural beings - abaas” (abaas is a huge stone-iron monster; lives in a forest thicket, tempts people, sends misfortunes and illnesses), etc.

The closest attention is paid to Yakut folklore: scenes based on Yakut fairy tales, proverbs, sayings, riddles of the Sakha people. Meetings of educators with employees of the heat and water supply enterprise (HWSP), with geologists, and with the famous local poetess M. Sofianidi were organized. Teachers annually perform theatrical performances at the “Farewell to Winter” festival and take prizes. A creative group of teachers developed the symbols of the kindergarten: an anthem, an emblem and a motto.

Great importance is attached to the study by educators of the state symbols of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and Russia, the flora and fauna of Yakutia (appropriate visual aids have been prepared).

A competition was held among teachers for the best layout of “The Game of My Dreams.”

In order to enrich the subject-play environment in the preschool educational institution, tabletop models of the Yakut booth and Russian hut, the monument to the discoverers of diamond deposits “Pipe of Peace”, the memorial complex “Three Swords”, the Holy Trinity Church, the Mosque, Datsan, and the Russian ancient church were made. To develop the cognitive activity of children, it was decided to place in each group a model of a Russian hut and a Yakut dwelling with household items of the two peoples. Mini-museums of their native land have been created in middle and senior preschool age groups. Products of Russian folk applied art, products of Yakut craftsmen, souvenirs, books, and videos about Yakutia are purchased.

Section 3. Generalization of the experience of teachers in the patriotic education of preschool children

Work experience of teacher L.A. Leushina “Acquaintance with the hometown as a means of patriotic education” was published in the magazine “Preschool Education”. Author's poems by L.A. Leushina’s introduction to her hometown was highly appreciated by preschool teachers and is widely used in working with children. Several poems were published in the local magazine for preschool education workers and parents, “Preschool Age” (see: No. 4/8 and 3/7 for 2007).

At the city competition, notes from teacher L.A. Leushina’s “Excursion along the Diamond Route, or the Story of How a Diamond Became a Diamond” and “Meeting with Cambric” were recognized as the best.

In 2004, on the basis of our kindergarten, seminars “My City”, “Introduction to the Yakut National Culture”, “System of Patriotic Education in Preschool Educational Institutions” were held.

The work experience of teachers O.A. is summarized. Mironchuk “Traditions and culture of the peoples of Sakha” and E.V. Yokhna "Revival of Russian national traditions." Their work experience is recommended for dissemination at a regional seminar on civic-patriotic education of preschool children.

Section 4. Activities for the moral and patriotic education of preschool children

Basic goals. Formation of a spiritual and moral attitude towards the family, city, country, nature of the native land, and the cultural heritage of one’s people. Fostering a child’s self-esteem as a representative of his people and a tolerant attitude towards representatives of other nationalities.

Tasks. Moral education. The most essential thing in the education of moral feelings is their direct manifestation in real practical actions. An effective attitude towards the world around us is manifested in play, work, creative and visual activities, communication, and everyday life. Physical education. Development of courage and dexterity (especially in sports games with military-patriotic content). Labor education. Encouraging children to work, which is based on the desire to do something for others. The work of a preschooler is small and simple, but it is necessary for the formation of his personality. Adults should teach children to be conscientious about their work, achieve their goals, and cultivate a caring attitude towards the public good and the nature of their native land. Formation of a caring attitude towards nature. It is important that the formation of a caring attitude towards nature (caring for animals, working on the site, feeding birds, growing flowers and vegetables) is combined with cultivating a love for one’s hometown, with the desire to work together to improve it (landscaping and cleaning areas). Before a child begins to perceive himself as a citizen, he needs to be helped to realize his own self, his roots. In our garden, work is carried out on the following topics: “Acquaintance with the city of Mirny”, “The Republic of Yakutia is the region in which I live”, “Defenders of the Motherland”, “Our Motherland - Russia”, “Spiritual values of the Russian people”, “Study of the state symbols of Yakutia, Russia".

Working methods used

Targeted walks and excursions.
Observations (for example, people's working lives, changes in the appearance of the city, etc.).
Explanations from the teacher combined with demonstrations and observations of the children.
Conversations about your hometown.
Learning songs and poems about the homeland, proverbs, sayings, reading fairy tales, listening to music.
Familiarization with works of folk art (embroidery, painting, sculpture).
Enriching and stimulating children's creativity.
Involving children in feasible socially useful work.
Fostering respect for war and labor veterans.

Teachers conduct excursions to the School of Arts, to historical and industrial museums, local history museums, along the streets of their hometown, to historical monuments, various public buildings (hospital, library, post office, cultural centers, sports facilities, schools, airport, etc.); on the topics “Historical events in buildings and monuments”, “Favorite places of citizens”, “A corner dear to the heart” (visiting places most loved by children).

Teachers of older preschool children conduct classes to study the cultural heritage of the country, introduce children to the state symbols of Russia, Yakutia, the city of Mirny, folk holidays and customs, tell the legend about the origin of the Sakha people and other peoples inhabiting the Republic.

Teachers conduct conversations: “About the importance of a horse in the life of a Yakut person, about the customs of worshiping a horse”, “About the role of fire, about the life of an ancient person, about the customs of worshiping fire”, “About the kind, generous old man-spirit Bayanai, who helps out people who are trapped in trouble in the forest." The teachers conducted classes on the folk arts and crafts of Yakutia: the national Yakut costume, techniques for decorating national clothes, ornaments, household items (serge, saddle cloth), national dishes (choron, tuesok).

The children learned Yakut games, dances, poems by Yakut poets L. Popov, L. Vasiliev S. Danilov, became acquainted with Yakut folk tales, proverbs and sayings, with the heroic epic of the Yakut people “Olonkho”, enjoyed watching performances staged by teachers and children Yakut folk tales “The Self-Hanging Whip”, “The Old Woman Taal-Taal”, “The Goose and the Crane”, “The Horse and the Deer”.

Every month, in preparatory groups for school, meetings of the “Whychek Club”, quizzes “My native land - the Republic of Sakha”, “Love and know your native land” were held. Every year, a recitation competition is held among children of senior and preparatory school groups (poems about Mirny, Yakutia and Russia).

Traditional ritual holidays “Day of the Sun” are held annually in our garden. In 2007, a holiday was held in honor of the 375th anniversary of Yakutia’s entry into Russia, the 85th anniversary of the formation of the Republic of “Commonwealth and Prosperity”. A competition of children's drawings was held in the garden, dedicated to this date on the theme: “There is no more beautiful land in the world than my Yakutia.” The poem “Together and Forever,” written by the teacher of our kindergarten and dedicated to this significant date, was highly appreciated by the teaching staff of the preschool educational institution in the city of Mirny. By this date, a plan of activities was developed that were successfully carried out at the preschool educational institution. Leisure activities were held with children of preparatory school groups for the 375th anniversary of Yakutia’s entry into the Russian state “Together and Forever.”

Excellent opportunities for cultivating patriotism are provided by familiarity with Russian folk art, the history of the Russian people, traditions, culture, customs, way of life, applied arts and folklore of Russia. The teachers set the task of showing children the beauty of the Russian language through oral folk art (songs, choruses, carols); to form an interest in folklore and, as a result, enrich the vocabulary of children. The ways of presenting information to children are varied: conversations, classes, participation in rituals, games, round dances, listening to folk music and learning to play folk instruments.

The highest degree of integration of various artistic materials is carried out during the organization of musical and theatrical performances, the basis of which were traditional ritual holidays: “Fun Fair”, “Russian Souvenir”, “Like Ours at the Gate”, “Sing, Dance, Round Dance!” , “Visiting Grandma”, “We don’t miss drinking tea”, “Potato Festival”, “Vegetable Garden Festival is an ancient phenomenon”. Kindergarten music directors are creative in creating scenarios, entertainment and selecting music. They achieve complete harmony of action and music in puppet shows based on Russian folk tales “Teremok”, “Turnip”, “At the Pike’s Command”, “Three Bears”, “The Pranks of Vaska the Cat”, “Vociferous Cockerel”, “The Greedy Hedgehog”.

Preschool teachers introduce children to folk holidays and rituals - Christmas, Maslenitsa, Magpies, Annunciation, Easter, Green Christmastide. Children are brought joy not only by the holiday, but also by the preparation for it, during which they become acquainted with musical material, history, customs, way of life, costumes, and oral folk art. In folk holidays, rituals, and games there are no spectators: the variety of roles allows everyone to become an actor in accordance with their inclinations and abilities: someone is the best dancer, and he is the first in the dance, someone knows a lot of ditties and performs them with pleasure, and someone has wonderful acting skills and plays the roles of the main characters. (It is not surprising that kindergarten graduates continue their studies in the folk ensemble “Sudarushka” and “Kustuuk”.) At “gatherings” and other holidays, children are socialized in different forms and in different ways; they are informed of the ethical and aesthetic standards in accordance with which their adult lives must proceed.

On the topic “Our Motherland - Russia”, teachers of senior and preparatory groups conducted a series of educational classes and conversations “Journey into History”, in order to maintain interest in the life of our ancestors, enriching them with knowledge about historical events and specific personalities: “Wonderful city, ancient city”, “Golden-domed Moscow”, “Rus is the protector”, “Commanders and heroes”, “Russian heroes”.

Preschool teachers, as already mentioned, introduce children to the state symbols of the Russian state and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), reinforce ideas about the coat of arms of their hometown and other cities of the republic, country, and talk about the history of their hometown.

As part of moral and patriotic education, educational games “The Past and Present of the City” and “The Past and Present of the Diamond Mining Industry” are held. Their goal is to teach how to compare the characteristic features of the old and modern cities, develop thinking and speech, consolidate knowledge about their hometown, cultivate interest in the present and past: “What the streets looked like before and what they are like now” (roadways, sidewalks, flower beds, lawns) : “Ancient and modern buildings” (tents, beams, log houses and modern, well-appointed buildings); “The life of the inhabitants of the city of Mirny - past and present (food, clothing, water, washing, bathhouse)”; "Children's games. Leisure in the past and today. A television".

Preschool teachers strive to show that Mirny is a beautiful modern city, that it is a hard-working city, so they introduce children to the professions of their parents and the enterprises where they work: “All jobs are good” (introduction to various professions), “We are little explorers "(introduction to the city's diamond mining industry).

In our kindergarten, a program dedicated to the 65th anniversary of the Victory was developed and implemented. In general, teachers pay a lot of attention to the Great Patriotic War; they have done a lot of local history work. The museum has a corner of Glory and Memory, which makes our students think about such concepts as honor, duty, and forms respect for the heroes who gave their lives for their Motherland. Children will learn about when and how the war began, what battles played the most important role during military operations, about the role of women in the war, about the cost of Victory for our people. The teachers talked about fearless war heroes, about thousands of soldiers who died during the war, about mass graves left on the battlefields, about the tomb of the unknown soldier at the Kremlin wall, where millions of people come to worship. Lessons-conversations have been developed that are held in April and May “For children about the Great Victory”: “Why is the war called the Great Patriotic War?”, “The defeat of the Nazis near Moscow”, “The Siege of Leningrad”, “The Battle of Stalingrad”, “The Battle of Kursk” , “Women in Defense of the Fatherland”, “Children and War”, “Battle for the Reichstag”, “Victory Day Holiday”.

Family heirlooms related to the military theme were collected (a triangle letter written by the father of our preschool educational institution doctor R.V. Ivashechkina, things, awards of the teacher’s grandfather L.A. Shupilko, memories, photographs). This is how children enter into living history and become familiar with the spiritual and historical values of their people. Exhibitions of reproductions of paintings on a military-patriotic theme by Russian artists “These Days Will Not Silence the Glory” and a children’s drawing competition “Peace is the main word in the world!” were organized. Children begin to understand: many of those who lived at that time and made history live next to us. R.V. Ivashechkina was a child during the war. Children listen to her stories about her wartime childhood, about her father who did not return from the war, with bated breath. With what genuine interest they listen to the lines from the front-line letter addressed to Raisa Vasilievna’s mother and “dear children.” For Victory Day, we plan to invite war veterans to the “We Need Peace” holiday.

We are confident that this knowledge contributes to the moral and patriotic education of children, helps them better learn the history of Russia, and feel pride in their people, in their Fatherland. Children's achievements

In honor of the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the city of Mirny, children spoke at ceremonial meetings dedicated to labor veterans, at the opening of the Triumph stadium, and at the Profalmaz meeting.
2. The performances of children from pre-school groups at events dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Yakutalmaz trust were highly appreciated.
Our students sing songs and read poems written by kindergarten teacher L.A. Leushina and music director V.F. Fayzulina about the city of Mirny, about her native land. The musical works of our teachers “Hymn to Mirny”, “Peaceful is my native city” became laureates in the nominations of the song competition “Best Debut”, “Audience Award”. Children wrote stories on the themes “Coat of arms of the city of Mirny”, “The city of Mirny is very dear to us”. A drawing competition about the city “Peaceful City, My City of Love” was held.
Our student Vitya Kalachikov showed good results at the Republican Olympiad for Preschool Children. During the 2006/2007 academic year, children appeared on the big stages of the city and enterprises of AK ALROSA 12 times: in the Almaz Palace of Culture at a gala meeting in honor of the 50th anniversary of the Yakutalmaz Trust; on the creative report of the Airline, PETS and LC; at events dedicated to Children's Day; at the Diamond Sorting Center, in the city and district administration at the celebration of Mother's Day, etc.

Section 5. Working with family

The success of the patriotic education of our children largely depends on parents, family, and the atmosphere that reigns at home. Every month since January 2007, a wall newspaper for children, parents and educators “Friendly Family” has been published (parents actively participate in competitions, drawing exhibitions, photo exhibitions held in kindergartens, and provide material for the wall newspaper).

Photo stands were made: “There is such a profession - to defend the Motherland!”, “Our pets”.

The photo competition “The City I Live in” has been announced (photo against the backdrop of a recognizable place in the city and comments on it).

An exhibition of drawings (co-creation of children and parents) “There is no more beautiful land in the world than my Yakutia”, “My land is Olonkho” was organized.

In the “Kolobok” and “Solnyshko” groups, parents present their own projects about their hometown Mirny “City of My Childhood,” family holidays, traditions, and collections. They introduce children to the history of their family, tell where the child’s great-grandparents and great-grandparents were born and lived, who they worked for, what hobbies they had, what difficulties they had to experience. The project is carried out on album sheets, where photographs are placed from the moment the child was born, photographs telling about significant events (“My birthday”, “Family holiday”, “Our journey”, “We are on a hike”, “Excursion to the museum”) . Some works are done as follows: in the center of the sheet there is a photograph of the child, and around him there are photographs of relatives with small comments.

In May, the event “Let our city be clean!” is usually held, in which parents and children were invited to clear the path to the kindergarten from garbage, take part in landscaping and beautifying the kindergarten site: planting trees and flowers.

As a result of systematic work with parents, children perceive them as allies, since fathers and mothers recognize the child’s problems, try to understand his feelings, his activities, his point of view. Children who feel constant support and understanding from their parents have increased self-esteem.

Conclusion. Thanks to the close connection with parents and their active assistance, the quality of the educational process for the patriotic education of preschoolers has improved.

We have developed a long-term plan for working with parents to instill patriotic feelings in children.

Recommendations for parents

Conclusion

The work, structured in the way we propose, significantly expands the preschooler’s knowledge about his hometown, republic, country, instills in him a sense of respect for the Motherland, and educates a true patriot.

We strive to ensure that as a result of our work, the child develops or strengthens the awareness of his own individuality, increases his self-esteem, so that he feels interest and respect for himself from those around him, both adults and peers.

Thus, the system we developed for the patriotic education of preschoolers allowed us to solve the following problems:

Seminar progress

1. Theoretical part.

Preschool age is the foundation of a child’s overall development, the starting period of all high human principles. To preserve in our children, to lay moral foundations that will make them more resistant to unwanted influences, to teach them the rules of communication and the ability to live among people - these are the main ideas of educating moral and patriotic feelings in preschoolers .

The greatest happiness for parents is to raise healthy and highly moral children .

It is common knowledge that preschoolers are very emotional . This emotional and figurative perception of the world around us can become the basis for the formation of patriotism.

The essence of moral and patriotic education is to sow and cultivate in a child’s soul the seeds of love for the native nature, for the home and family, for the history and culture of the country, created by the labors of relatives and friends, those who are called compatriots.

Patriotic feelings are formed in the process of life and existence of a person located within a specific sociocultural environment. From the moment of birth, people instinctively, naturally and imperceptibly get used to their environment, the nature and culture of their country, to the way of life of their people. Therefore, the basis for the formation of patriotism are deep feelings of love and affection for one’s culture and one’s people.

Much has been written about the importance of introducing a child to the culture of his people, since turning to the paternal heritage fosters respect and pride for the land on which you live. Therefore, children need to know and study the culture of their ancestors. It is the emphasis on knowledge of the history of the people and their culture that will help in the future to treat the cultural traditions of other peoples with respect and interest.

Thus, the moral, patriotic and spiritual education of children is one of the main tasks of a preschool educational institution .

for preschool education ( FSES DO ) came into force.

One of the main directions of implementation of educational areas is the patriotic education of preschool children .

Today, a preschool educational institution is a public institution that regularly interacts with the parents of pupils and has the opportunity to exert a certain influence on the family. As practice shows and pedagogical research , parents recognize the priority of a preschool institution in solving educational problems .

The family is the main institution where patriotic feelings and consciousness of the future citizen are formed. The primacy of parent-child contact and its duration turns the family into the leading body raising a patriot . It is in the family that interest in the culture, language, history of one’s people, state, its traditions and customs arises, and a personality begins to form.

In light of the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard , working with parents is the main condition of the educational process .

The modern system of work on patriotic education is a model that includes three main areas:

Ecological: Nature is an important factor in the education of patriotism . She surrounds the child, enters his life early, is accessible and understandable to him. The formation of a sense of the Motherland begins with the ability to see the beauty of one’s native nature. Knowledge of the nature of one’s region makes it possible to see and find connections between natural phenomena, teaches correct behavior, the ability to care for, preserve and love what surrounds us.

Historical and local history: Each region, city, village is unique, differing in its historical past and architecture. The task of teachers and parents is to acquaint children with the surrounding reality, based on historical events and facts. You should tell your child that his hometown is famous for its history, sights, monuments, and great people. Every street, building, every corner of your hometown, village keeps the memory of events. It is impossible to love them and protect them without knowing their fate and historical past.

Cultural: By introducing children to the origins of folk culture, we introduce them to the cultural wealth of the Russian people. By introducing children to folklore, antiquities, and traditions of the people, we help them learn the experience of our ancestors.

The goal of the preschool educational institution’s work on this issue is to create a system of patriotic and spiritual and moral education of young people to form a socially active personality of a citizen and patriot with a sense of national pride, civic dignity, love for the fatherland, one’s people and readiness to defend it.

Based on the goal, the work of teachers on the moral and patriotic education of preschool children includes a number of tasks:

•creation of a system of moral and patriotic education ;

• nurturing in a child love and affection for his family, close people, his home, kindergarten, home street and city;

•formation of a careful and caring attitude towards nature and all living things;

• fostering respect for work , people of different professions and the results of their work;

•developing interest in Russian folk art, crafts, traditions and customs of Russian people;

•expanding ideas about the native country, its capital, hometown;

•introducing children to state symbols: coat of arms, flag, anthem;

•familiarization with the historical past of our Motherland;

•developing a sense of responsibility and pride for the achievements of the Motherland;

•formation of tolerance, a sense of respect and sympathy for other people, nations, and their traditions;

• education of aesthetically moral standards of behavior and moral qualities of the child.

Based on this set of tasks, planning work on the moral and patriotic education of preschoolers is divided into the following blocks:

1. “Me and my immediate environment”
(my family, my kindergarten, my street)
.

2. “My hometown, the village in which I live”
(history of my city, the city in which I live, famous townspeople)
.

3."My native land"

(the region in which I live; the history of my region; famous people of the region; flora and fauna of the region).

4.“Our Motherland is Russia”

(symbols of Russia
(coat of arms, anthem, flag, geographical location, population)
.

5. “Defenders of the Fatherland”
(memorable dates and people, glorified wars of our country)
.
“History of Russia” (from epic heroes to the present day)
.

6. “Culture of the Russian people”
(holidays, traditions, customs, folk art, architecture, crafts)
.

7. “Great compatriots”
(the life and work of outstanding people)
. These tasks are solved in all types of children’s activities: in classes, in games, in work, in everyday life - since
they instill in the child not only patriotic feelings, but also form his relationships with adults and peers.
The moral, patriotic and spiritual education of a child is a complex pedagogical process . It is based on the development of moral feelings .

Feeling of Motherland. It begins in a child with his relationship to his family, to the closest people - mother, father, grandmother, grandfather. These are the roots that connect him with his home and immediate environment.

The feeling of the Motherland begins with admiration for what the child sees in front of him, what he is amazed at and what evokes a response in his soul. And although many impressions are not yet deeply realized by him, but, passed through childhood perception , they play a huge role in the formation of the personality of a patriot.

Each nation has its own fairy tales, and they all pass on from generation to generation the basic moral values : kindness, friendship, mutual assistance, hard work. “These are the first and brilliant attempts of Russian folk pedagogy ,” wrote K. D. Ushinsky, “and I don’t think that anyone would be able to compete in this case with the pedagogical genius of the people .” It is no coincidence that K. D. Ushinsky emphasized that “ education , if it does not want to be powerless, must be popular.” He introduced “folk pedagogy pedagogical literature , seeing in folklore works the national identity of the people, rich material for instilling love for the Motherland .

Thus, works of oral folk art not only form a love for the traditions of their people, but also contribute to the development of personality in the spirit of patriotism.

of considerable importance for instilling in children interest and love for their native land. Gradually, the child gets to know the kindergarten, his street, the city, and then the country, its capital and symbols.

Hometown. We need to show the child that his hometown is famous for its history, traditions, sights, monuments, and best people.

What information and concepts about their hometown can children learn?

A four-year-old child should know the name of his street and the one on which the kindergarten is located.

The attention of older children needs to be drawn to objects that are located on the nearest streets: school, cinema, post office, pharmacy, etc., talk about their purpose, and emphasize that all this was created for the convenience of people.

The range of objects that older preschoolers to is expanding - this is the region and the city as a whole, its attractions, historical places and monuments. The children are explained in whose honor they were erected. An older preschooler should know the name of his city, his street, the streets adjacent to it, and also in honor of whom they are named. They explain to him that every person has a home and a city where he was born and lives. This requires excursions around the city, into nature, observation of the work of adults, where each child begins to realize that work unites people, requires them to be coherent, mutual assistance, and knowledge of their business. And here, acquaintance of children with the folk crafts of the region and folk craftsmen becomes of great importance.

In moral and patriotic education, the example of adults, especially close people, is of great importance. Based on specific facts from the lives of older family members (grandparents, participants in the Great Patriotic War, their front-line and labor exploits), it is necessary to instill in children such important concepts as “duty to the Motherland,” “love for the Fatherland,” “hatred of the enemy,” “feat of labor”, etc. It is important to bring the child to the understanding that we won because we love our Fatherland, the Motherland honors its heroes who gave their lives for the happiness of people. Their names are immortalized in the names of cities, streets, squares, and monuments have been erected in their honor.

A continuation of this work is to introduce children to other cities of Russia, to the capital of our Motherland, to the anthem, flag and emblem of the state.

Showing through the small the big, the dependence between the activities of one person and the lives of all people - this is what is important for the education of moral and patriotic feelings .

For example, when raising children’s love for their city, it is necessary to bring them to the understanding that their city is a part of the Motherland, since all places, large and small, have much in common:

• everywhere people work for everyone (teachers teach children; doctors treat the sick; workers make cars, etc.);

•traditions are observed everywhere: the Motherland remembers the heroes who protected it from enemies;

• people of different nationalities live everywhere, work together and help each other;

• people take care of and protect nature;

• there are general professional and public holidays, etc.

To be a citizen, a patriot, is certainly to be an internationalist. Therefore, nurturing love for one’s Fatherland and pride in one’s country should be combined with the formation of a friendly attitude towards the culture of other peoples, towards each person individually, regardless of skin color and religion.

Of course, a humane attitude towards people of different nationalities is created in a child primarily under the influence of parents and teachers , i.e. adults who are next to him. This is especially true these days, when confrontations over these issues arise among some of the adult population.

By the end the preschool period, the child should know: our country is inhabited by people of different nationalities; each people has its own language, customs and traditions, art and architecture; Every nation is talented and rich in craftsmen, musicians, artists, etc.

Thematic planning contributes to the effective and systematic acquisition of knowledge by children. Work on each topic includes classes, games, excursions, unregulated activities for children, and on some topics - holidays.

Moreover, the topics are repeated in each group. Only the content, volume of cognitive material and complexity, and therefore the duration of study, change. It is advisable to time certain topics to coincide with specific events and holidays, for example, familiarization with rights and responsibilities - in December (before Constitution Day, Heroes of the Russian Land - in February (before Defender of the Fatherland Day)

etc., thereby providing connection with social events.

The main form of moral and patriotic education of children is thematic classes. It is important that they increase children's mental activity. It is necessary to teach children to independently analyze, make generalizations and conclusions. You can suggest finding the answer in the illustrations, asking your parents, etc.

It should be emphasized that a preschool is characterized by short-term interests, unstable attention, and fatigue. Therefore, repeated reference to the same topic only contributes to the development of children's attention and long-term preservation of interest in one topic. In addition, it is necessary to combine into one topic classes not only in the native language, but also in familiarization with nature, music, and other activities (for example, “My city”, “The capital of our Motherland is Moscow”).

Taking into account the age characteristics of children requires the widespread use of gaming techniques, which are important both for increasing the cognitive activity of children and for creating an emotional atmosphere of the lesson. Games of “trips and travels” (along the Volga, into the past of the city, etc.) are of great interest to children.

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Thus, each topic should be supported by various games, productive activities (making collages, crafts, albums, thematic drawing)
. The results of work on a topic that unites children’s knowledge can be presented during general holidays and family entertainment.

It should be emphasized that difficulties in familiarizing children with everyday life, traditions, and individual historical moments are caused by the fact that preschoolers are characterized by visual-figurative thinking. Therefore, it is necessary to use not only fiction, illustrations, jokes, but also “living” visual objects and materials (national costumes, antique furniture, dishes, tools, etc.)

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“Everyday Everyday Life” is extremely effective for introducing children to fairy tales, folk crafts, and antique household items. For this, it is advisable to visit museums, as well as organize special rooms in kindergarten. It is here that the child has the opportunity to gain his first insight into the history of life in his native land. In addition, in such a “room” the possibilities of presenting information through play (through fairy tale characters, etc.)
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An equally important condition for the moral, patriotic and spiritual education of children is a close relationship with their parents. Touching the history of your family evokes strong emotions in a child, makes you empathize, and attentively pay attention to the memory of the past, to your historical roots. Interaction with parents on this issue promotes respect for traditions and the preservation of vertical family ties. “A future citizen is growing in your family and under your leadership. Everything that happens in the country must come to the children through your soul and your thought,” this commandment of A. S. Makarenko must be used when the teacher works with both children and their parents.

Currently, this work is relevant and especially difficult, requiring great tact and patience, since in young families the issues of instilling patriotism , citizenship and spirituality are not considered important, and often only cause bewilderment.

Involving the family in the moral, patriotic and spiritual education of children requires special tact , attention and sensitivity from the teacher to each child.

The voluntary participation of everyone is a mandatory requirement and condition of this work.

It should be noted that nowadays people are interested in their genealogy, in the study of national, class, professional roots and their kind in different generations.

Together with parents, folklore work is carried out (painting clay toys, folk weaving, etc., as well as local traditional holidays and rituals, Christmas balls, Russian Maslenitsa, birch trees, etc. Of course, all this introduces children to the history of the region and his people, fosters love for the Motherland .

In our preschool institution, great attention is paid to moral, patriotic and spiritual education . The entire team participates in this, creating an atmosphere of kindness, tolerance, and spiritual comfort.

2. Business game for teachers .

Presenter: -I invite you today to take part in the business game “ Pedagogical Express ”

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We will go on a virtual journey along the route “ Moral and Patriotic Education of Preschool Children ”.
Purpose of the business game:

Increasing the professional level of teachers in working with children on moral and patriotic education .

Tasks:

-To form ideas about the diversity of areas of pedagogical activity in moral and patriotic education ;

-Provide practical assistance in choosing and mastering modern forms and methods in working on this topic;

-To form among teachers an understanding of the relevance of the work of educating moral and patriotic principles among the younger generation in modern society;

-Create conditions for self-education of teachers in this direction;

-Improve the work of preschool educational institutions in the moral and patriotic education of preschoolers .

-Stimulate the need for teachers to demonstrate creativity and implement the Federal State Educational Standard for the successful education of preschoolers .

-Develop the ability to discuss and agree on proposed issues.