Stages of Moral Development
The stage of moral development is determined by the decision we make in a situation of moral choice. Moreover, the decision is free, when no one puts pressure or coerces, and the decision does not bring obvious benefits. In this case, the choice is made on the basis of moral principles.
Lawrence Kohlberg's scale helps to understand what stage of moral development a person is at.
- The morality of obedience (do the right thing to avoid punishment) and the morality of benefit (you to me, I to you).
- Good boy morality (doing the right thing for approval) and maintaining order and social justice (everything must be orderly and organized according to rules, otherwise society will fall apart).
- Expediency and usefulness (justification in each specific case of the logic of choice).
- Finally, the rarest and highest level of moral development is internal moral principles: in this case, a person develops his own moral position, which is justified, appropriated and unshakable.
The concept of family and moral education
The formation of a child’s personality directly depends on the family and moral values in which his parents raised him. It is moral development in the family that instills in the child the main moral character traits, gives an understanding of how to behave correctly in society, with loved ones, and what actions are unacceptable. Of course, children today are greatly influenced by television, social networks, and advertising around them at school. But only moral education in the family can provide that inner core, thanks to which the child will be able to resist negative aspects from the outside.
Spiritual and moral education of the individual is a developmental stage through which the child develops the basic concepts of intrapersonal culture. Through them the process of establishing a person as an individual occurs. There is a formation of values and ideals that contribute to the future creation of a certain worldview in a person. The spiritual and moral education of the child also determines what his life position will be - active or passive.
In order to raise a worthy, morally educated person, it is important to participate in the formation of the personality of not only parents, but also the school, society, and surrounding people. But the main educational function, of course, is performed by the family.
According to psychologists, the best example for a child is personal example. Therefore, it is believed that the moral development of an individual in a family begins with the behavior of adults in everyday life, their relationships with others, and their attitude to business.
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From early childhood, the child observes his parents, repeats their behavior, tries to imitate everything, and adopts habits. There is no other example in his life, therefore any form of interaction between elders is perceived as the only correct one. Even kids always feel the situation in the family, how mom and dad treat each other. It's about the intonation with which they communicate with each other; manner of communication, timbre of voice during a conversation. Any actions, life episodes, situations in the family and ways to solve them affect the child’s psyche now and will affect them in the future. Parents play such an important role in shaping a child's attitude towards everything that surrounds him.
Thus, the purpose of moral education is the development of clear moral requirements and rules.
