Summary of a lesson on traffic rules in the senior preparatory group “We all should know the Rules of the Road” | Outline of a lesson on life safety (senior, preparatory group):

2.1. The driver of a motor vehicle is obliged to:

(Article: 2.1. The driver of a motor vehicle is obliged:)

2.1.1. Carry with you and, at the request of police officers, hand over to them for inspection:

a driver’s license for the right to drive a vehicle of the appropriate category, and in case of withdrawal of a driver’s license in accordance with the established procedure - a temporary permit;
registration documents and a certificate of passing state technical inspection for this vehicle, and if there is a trailer, also for the trailer;
a document confirming the right to own, or use, or dispose of this vehicle, and if there is a trailer, also for the trailer, in the case of driving the vehicle in the absence of its owner;
in established cases, a waybill, a license card and documents for the transported cargo, and when transporting large, heavy and dangerous goods - documents provided for by the rules for the carriage of these goods;
insurance policy of compulsory civil liability insurance of the vehicle owner in cases where the obligation to insure one’s civil liability is established by federal law.

In cases expressly provided for by current legislation, have and submit for inspection to employees of the Federal Service for Supervision of Transport a license card, waybill and shipping documents.

2.1.2. When driving a vehicle equipped with seat belts, be fastened and do not carry passengers who are not wearing seat belts.

2.3. The driver of the vehicle is obliged to:

(Article: 2.3. The driver of the vehicle is obliged:)

2.3.1. Before leaving, check and ensure that the vehicle is in good technical condition on the way in accordance with the “Basic provisions for the admission of vehicles to operation and the responsibilities of officials to ensure road safety” (hereinafter referred to as the “Basic Provisions”).

It is prohibited to drive if there is a malfunction of the service brake system, steering control, coupling device (as part of a train), headlights and tail lights are not on (missing) in the dark or in conditions of insufficient visibility, the windshield wiper is not working on the driver’s side during rain or snowfall.

If other malfunctions occur along the way, for which the operation of vehicles is prohibited by the appendix to the Basic Provisions, the driver must eliminate them, and if this is not possible, then he can proceed to the place of parking or repair in compliance with the necessary precautions;

2.3.2. At the request of officials who are granted the right of state supervision and control over road safety and vehicle operation, undergo an examination for alcohol intoxication and a medical examination for intoxication. The driver of a vehicle of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, civil defense troops, engineering, technical and road construction military formations under federal executive authorities is required to undergo an examination for alcohol intoxication and a medical examination for intoxication, also at the request of officials military automobile inspection.

In established cases, undergo a test of knowledge of the Rules and driving skills, as well as a medical examination to confirm the ability to drive vehicles.

2.3.3. Provide a vehicle:

employees of the police, federal state security agencies and federal security service agencies in cases provided for by law;
medical and pharmaceutical workers to transport citizens to the nearest medical facility in cases that threaten their lives.

Note. Persons using a vehicle must, at the request of the driver, issue him a certificate of the established form or make an entry in the waybill (indicating the duration of the trip, distance traveled, his last name, position, service ID number, name of his organization), and medical and pharmaceutical workers - issue a coupon of the established form.

Traffic Laws

1.2. The Rules use the following basic concepts and terms: “Highway” - a road marked with sign 5.1 <*> and having carriageways for each direction of travel, separated from each other by a dividing strip (and in its absence, by a road fence), without crossing water levels with other roads, railway or tram tracks, pedestrian or bicycle paths.

(as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 14, 2005 N 767)

<*> Here and below the numbering of road signs is given in accordance with Appendix 1.

“Road train” is a mechanical vehicle coupled to a trailer(s).

(paragraph introduced by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 25, 2003 N 595)

“Bicycle” is a vehicle, other than wheelchairs, that has two or more wheels and is propelled by the muscular power of its occupants.

“Driver” is a person driving a vehicle, a driver leading pack animals, riding animals or a herd along the road. A driving instructor is treated like a driver.

“Forced stop” is the cessation of movement of a vehicle due to its technical malfunction or danger created by the cargo being transported, the condition of the driver (passenger) or the appearance of an obstacle on the road.

“Main road” - a road marked with signs 2.1, 2.3.1 - 2.3.7 or 5.1, in relation to the one being crossed (adjacent), or a road with a hard surface (asphalt and cement concrete, stone materials, etc.) in relation to the dirt road , or any road in relation to exits from adjacent territories. The presence of a paved section on a minor road immediately before the intersection does not make it equal in importance to the one it intersects.

(as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 14, 2005 N 767) “Road” is a strip of land or a surface of an artificial structure equipped or adapted and used for the movement of vehicles. The road includes one or more carriageways, as well as tram tracks, sidewalks, shoulders and dividing strips, if any.

“Road traffic” is a set of social relations that arise in the process of moving people and goods with or without vehicles within the boundaries of roads.

(paragraph introduced by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2001 N 67)

“Road accident” is an event that occurred during the movement of a vehicle on the road and with its participation, in which people were killed or injured, vehicles, structures, cargo were damaged, or other material damage was caused.

(as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2001 N 67)

“Railway crossing” is the intersection of a road and railway tracks at the same level.

“Route vehicle” is a public vehicle (bus, trolleybus, tram) intended for transporting people on roads and moving along a set route with designated stopping places.

(as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated September 25, 2003 N 595)

“Motor driven vehicle” is a vehicle, other than a moped, driven by an engine. The term also applies to any tractors and self-propelled machines.

“Moped” is a two- or three-wheeled vehicle driven by an engine with a displacement of not more than 50 cubic meters. cm and having a maximum design speed of no more than 50 km/h. Bicycles with a suspended engine, mopeds and other vehicles with similar characteristics are considered mopeds. “Motorcycle” is a two-wheeled motor vehicle with or without a side trailer. Three- and four-wheeled mechanical vehicles with a curb weight of no more than 400 kg are considered motorcycles.

“Settled area” is a built-up area, the entrances to and exits from which are marked with signs 5.23.1 - 5.26.

(as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 14, 2005 N 767)

“Insufficient visibility” - visibility of the road is less than 300 m in conditions of fog, rain, snowfall, etc., as well as at dusk.

“Overtaking” is the advance of one or more moving vehicles, associated with leaving the occupied lane.

(as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2001 N 67)

“Shoulder” is an element of the road adjacent directly to the roadway at the same level with it, differing in the type of surface or marked out using markings 1.2.1 or 1.2.2, used for driving, stopping and parking in accordance with the Rules.

(paragraph introduced by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 14, 2005 N 767)

“Traffic hazard” is a situation that has arisen during traffic in which continued movement in the same direction and at the same speed creates a threat of a traffic accident.

(paragraph introduced by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 25, 2003 N 595)

“Dangerous cargo” - substances, products made from them, waste from industrial and other economic activities, which, due to their inherent properties, can pose a threat to human life and health during transportation, harm the natural environment, damage or destroy material assets.

(paragraph introduced by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 24, 2001 N 67) “Organized transportation of a group of children” is a special transportation of two or more children of preschool and school age, carried out in a mechanical vehicle that is not a route vehicle.

(paragraph introduced by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2001 N 67)

“Organized transport convoy” is a group of three or more motorized vehicles following directly one after another along the same lane with constantly turned on headlights, accompanied by a lead vehicle with special color schemes applied to the outer surfaces and blue and blue flashing lights turned on. red flowers.

(as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 14, 2005 N 767)

“Organized foot column” is a group of people, designated in accordance with paragraph 4.2 of the Rules, moving together along the road in the same direction.

“Stopping” is a deliberate cessation of the movement of a vehicle for up to 5 minutes, as well as for longer if this is necessary for boarding or disembarking passengers or loading or unloading the vehicle.

“Passenger” is a person, other than the driver, who is in (on) a vehicle, as well as a person who enters (gets on) the vehicle or exits (gets off) the vehicle.

(paragraph introduced by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2001 N 67)

“Intersection” is a place where roads intersect, adjoin or branch at the same level, limited by imaginary lines connecting, respectively, the opposite, most distant from the center of the intersection, beginnings of curvatures of roadways. Exits from adjacent areas are not considered intersections.

“Changing lanes” is leaving an occupied lane or occupied row while maintaining the original direction of movement.

(paragraph introduced by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 25, 2003 N 595)

“Pedestrian” is a person who is outside a vehicle on the road and is not working on it. Persons moving in wheelchairs without a motor, driving a bicycle, moped, motorcycle, carrying a sled, cart, baby stroller or wheelchair are considered pedestrians.

“Pedestrian crossing” is a section of the roadway marked with signs 5.19.1, 5.19.2 and (or) markings 1.14.1 and 1.14.2 <*> and allocated for the movement of pedestrians across the road. In the absence of markings, the width of the pedestrian crossing is determined by the distance between signs 5.19.1 and 5.19.2.

(as amended by Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2001 N 67, dated December 14, 2005 N 767)

<*> Here and below the numbering of road markings is given in accordance with Appendix 2.

“Traffic lane” is any of the longitudinal stripes of the roadway, marked or not marked with markings and having a width sufficient for the movement of cars in one row.

“Advantage (priority)” is the right to priority movement in the intended direction in relation to other road users.

“Adjacent territory” is the territory directly adjacent to the road and not intended for through traffic of vehicles (yards, residential areas, parking lots, gas stations, enterprises, etc.). Movement in the adjacent territory is carried out in accordance with these Rules.

(as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated September 25, 2003 N 595) “Trailer” is a vehicle not equipped with an engine and intended to be driven in conjunction with a power-driven vehicle. The term also applies to semi-trailers and trailers.

“Carriageway” is an element of the road intended for the movement of trackless vehicles.

“Dividing strip” is a road element, designated structurally and (or) using markings 1.2.1, separating adjacent roadways and not intended for the movement and stopping of vehicles.

(as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 14, 2005 N 767)

“Permitted maximum weight” is the weight of the equipped vehicle with cargo, driver and passengers, established by the manufacturer as the maximum permissible. The permissible maximum mass of a vehicle composition, that is, coupled and moving as one unit, is taken to be the sum of the permissible maximum masses of the vehicles included in the composition.

“Traffic controller” is a person vested with the authority to regulate traffic using the signals established by the Rules in accordance with the established procedure, and who directly carries out the said regulation. The traffic controller must be in uniform and (or) have a distinctive sign and equipment. Traffic controllers include police officers and military automobile inspectors, as well as employees of road maintenance services, those on duty at railway crossings and ferry crossings when performing their official duties.

(as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2001 N 67)

“Parking” is the intentional interruption of the movement of a vehicle for a period of more than 5 minutes for reasons not related to the embarkation or disembarkation of passengers or the loading or unloading of the vehicle. “Darkness” is the period of time from the end of evening twilight to the beginning of morning twilight.

“Vehicle” is a device designed to transport on roads people, goods or equipment installed on it.

“Sidewalk” is an element of the road intended for pedestrian traffic and adjacent to the roadway or separated from it by a lawn.

“Give way (do not interfere)” is a requirement that means that a road user must not start, resume or continue moving, or carry out any maneuver if this may force other road users who have priority over him to change direction. movement or speed.

“Road participant” is a person directly involved in the traffic process as a driver, pedestrian, or passenger of a vehicle.

1.3. Road users are required to know and comply with the relevant requirements of the Rules, traffic lights, signs and markings, as well as comply with the orders of traffic controllers acting within the limits of the rights granted to them and regulating traffic with established signals.

1.4. Right-hand traffic for vehicles is established on the roads.

1.5. Road users must act in such a way as not to create a traffic hazard or cause harm. It is prohibited to damage or pollute road surfaces, remove, block, damage, or unauthorizedly install road signs, traffic lights and other technical means of traffic management, or leave objects on the road that interfere with traffic. The person who created the obstacle is obliged to take all possible measures to eliminate it, and if this is not possible, then by available means ensure that traffic participants are informed about the danger and inform the police.

1.6. Persons who violate the Rules are liable in accordance with current legislation.

2. General duties of drivers

2.1. The driver of a motor vehicle is obliged to:

2.1.1. Carry with you and, at the request of police officers, hand over to them for verification:

(as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2001 N 67)

On the refusal to satisfy the complaint about partially invalidating subclause 2.1.1 of clause 2.1, see the decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of November 27, 2000 N GKPI 2000-1295.

- a driver’s license for the right to drive a vehicle of the appropriate category, and in case of withdrawal of the driver’s license in accordance with the established procedure - a temporary permit; (as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 28, 2002 N 472)

— registration documents and a certificate of passing state technical inspection for this vehicle, and if there is a trailer, also for the trailer; (as amended by Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 28, 2002 N 472, dated December 14, 2005 N 767)

- a document confirming the right to own, or use, or dispose of this vehicle, and if there is a trailer - also for the trailer - in the case of driving the vehicle in the absence of its owner; (as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 28, 2002 N 472) - in established cases, a waybill, a license card and documents for the cargo being transported, and when transporting large, heavy and dangerous goods - documents provided for by the rules for the transportation of these goods; (as amended by Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2001 N 67, dated June 28, 2002 N 472)

— an insurance policy for compulsory civil liability insurance of the vehicle owner in cases where the obligation to insure one’s civil liability is established by federal law. (paragraph introduced by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 05/07/2003 N 265)

In cases expressly provided for by current legislation, have and submit for inspection to employees of the Federal Service for Supervision of Transport a license card, waybill and shipping documents. (as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 14, 2005 N 767)

On the refusal to satisfy the application to invalidate clause 2.1.2, see the decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of August 26, 1998 N GKPI 98-357.

2.1.2. When driving a vehicle equipped with seat belts, be fastened and not carry passengers who are not wearing belts (it is allowed not to fasten seat belts for learning driving when the vehicle is being driven by a student, and in populated areas, in addition, for drivers and passengers of emergency service vehicles <* > having special color schemes applied to the outer surfaces). When driving a motorcycle, wear a fastened motorcycle helmet and do not carry passengers without a fastened motorcycle helmet. (as amended by Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 21, 2000 N 370, dated December 14, 2005 N 767) <*> The list of operational services is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

(footnote as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 21, 2000 N 370)

2.2. The driver of a motor vehicle participating in international road traffic is obliged to:

have with you the registration documents for the vehicle (if there is a trailer, also for the trailer) and a driver’s license that comply with the Convention on Road Traffic; (as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 28, 2002 N 472) have on this vehicle (if there is a trailer - and on the trailer) registration and distinctive signs of the state in which it is registered. (as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 28, 2002 N 472) A driver engaged in international road transport is obliged to stop at the request of employees of the Federal Service for Supervision of Transport at specially designated road sign 7.14 checkpoints and present the vehicle for inspection, as well as permits and other documents provided for by international treaties of the Russian Federation. (paragraph introduced by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 1998 N 1272; as amended by Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2001 N 67, dated December 14, 2005 N 767)

2.3. The driver of the vehicle is obliged to:

2.3.1. Before leaving, check and ensure the good technical condition of the vehicle on the way in accordance with the Basic Regulations for the admission of vehicles to operation and the responsibilities of officials to ensure road safety <*>.

<*> Hereinafter - Basic provisions.

It is prohibited to drive if there is a malfunction of the service brake system, steering, coupling device (as part of a road train), unlit (missing) headlights and tail lights in the dark or in conditions of insufficient visibility, or if the windshield wiper is not working on the driver’s side during rain or snowfall. (as amended by Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2001 N 67, dated December 14, 2005 N 767)

2.3.2. At the request of police officers, undergo an intoxication examination. In established cases, undergo a test of knowledge of the Rules and driving skills, as well as a medical examination to confirm the ability to drive vehicles;

2.3.3. Provide a vehicle:

employees of the police, federal state security agencies and federal security service agencies in cases provided for by law; medical and pharmaceutical workers to transport citizens to the nearest medical facility in cases that threaten their lives.

Note.

Persons using a vehicle must, at the request of the driver, issue him a certificate of the established form or make an entry in the waybill (indicating the duration of the trip, distance traveled, his last name, position, service ID number, name of his organization), and medical and pharmaceutical workers - issue a coupon of the established form.

At the request of vehicle owners, federal state security authorities and federal security service authorities shall compensate them in accordance with the established procedure for losses, expenses or damage in accordance with the law. (clause 2.3.3 as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated September 25, 2003 N 595)

2.4. The right to stop vehicles is given to traffic controllers, and trucks and buses engaged in international road transport at checkpoints specially designated by road sign 7.14 - also to employees of the Federal Service for Supervision of Transport. (as amended by Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2001 N 67, dated December 14, 2005 N 767)

Employees of the Federal Service for Supervision of Transport must wear uniforms and use a disk with a red signal or a reflector to stop. They can use an additional whistle to attract the attention of drivers. (as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 14, 2005 N 767)

Persons who have the right to stop a vehicle are required to present an official identification card upon the driver’s request. (clause 2.4 as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 1998 N 1272)

2.5. In the event of a traffic accident, the driver involved in it is obliged to:

immediately stop (do not move) the vehicle, turn on the hazard warning lights and display an emergency stop sign in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 7.2 of the Rules, do not move objects related to the incident; (as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2001 N 67) take possible measures to provide pre-hospital medical care to the victims, call an ambulance, and in emergency cases, send the victims on a passing one, and if this is not possible, deliver them in your own vehicle to the nearest medical institution, provide your last name, vehicle registration plate (with presentation of an identification document, or a driver’s license and registration document for the vehicle) and return to the scene of the incident;

clear the roadway if the movement of other vehicles is impossible. If it is necessary to clear the roadway or deliver victims in your vehicle to a medical facility, first record in the presence of witnesses the position of the vehicle, traces and objects related to the incident, and take all possible measures to preserve them and organize a detour to the scene of the incident;

report the incident to the police, write down the names and addresses of eyewitnesses and wait for the arrival of police officers.

2.6. If there are no injuries as a result of a traffic accident, drivers, with mutual agreement in assessing the circumstances of the incident, can, after drawing up a diagram of the incident and signing it, arrive at the nearest road patrol service (DPS) post or police department to register the incident. (as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 21, 2000 N 370)

2.7. The driver is prohibited from:

drive a vehicle while intoxicated (alcohol, drugs or other), under the influence of medications that impair reaction and attention, in a sick or tired state that jeopardizes traffic safety; transfer control of a vehicle to persons who are intoxicated, under the influence of medications, in a sick or tired state, as well as to persons who do not have a driver’s license for the right to drive a vehicle of this category or, if it is confiscated in the prescribed manner, a temporary permit except for driving lessons in accordance with section 21 of the Rules; (as amended by Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2001 N 67, dated June 28, 2002 N 472)

cross organized (including foot) columns and take a place in them;

consume alcoholic beverages, narcotic, psychotropic or other intoxicating substances after a traffic accident in which he is involved, or after the vehicle was stopped at the request of a police officer, before an examination to establish the state of intoxication or before a decision on release is made from carrying out such an examination; (paragraph introduced by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2001 N 67)

drive a vehicle in violation of the work and rest regime established by the authorized federal executive body, and when carrying out international road transport - by international treaties of the Russian Federation; (paragraph introduced by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2001 N 67)

use a telephone while driving that is not equipped with a technical device that allows hands-free conversations. (paragraph introduced by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2001 N 67)

4. Responsibilities of pedestrians 4.1. Pedestrians must move on sidewalks or pedestrian paths, or, if there are none, along the roadsides. Pedestrians carrying or carrying bulky objects, as well as persons using non-motorized wheelchairs, may walk along the edge of the roadway if their movement on sidewalks or shoulders creates an obstacle for other pedestrians.

If there are no sidewalks, pedestrian paths or shoulders, or if it is impossible to move along them, pedestrians may move along a bicycle path or walk in a single file along the edge of the roadway (on roads with a dividing strip, along the outer edge of the roadway).

When walking along the edge of the roadway, pedestrians must walk towards the movement of vehicles. Persons moving in wheelchairs without a motor, driving a motorcycle, moped, or bicycle, in these cases must follow the direction of travel of the vehicles. (as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 14, 2005 N 767)

When driving along the side of the road or the edge of the roadway in the dark or in conditions of insufficient visibility, pedestrians are recommended to carry objects with reflective elements and ensure that these objects are visible to vehicle drivers. (paragraph introduced by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 14, 2005 N 767)

4.2. The movement of organized pedestrian columns along the roadway is permitted only in the direction of movement of vehicles on the right side of no more than four people in a row. In front and behind the column on the left side there should be escorts with red flags, and in the dark and in conditions of poor visibility - with lights on: in front - white, in back - red. Groups of children are allowed to drive only on sidewalks and pedestrian paths, and in their absence, along the roadsides, but only during daylight hours and only when accompanied by adults.

4.3. Pedestrians must cross the roadway at pedestrian crossings, including underground and overground ones, and in their absence, at intersections along sidewalks or curbs.

If there is no crossing or intersection in the visibility zone, it is allowed to cross the road at right angles to the edge of the roadway in areas without a dividing strip and fences where it is clearly visible in both directions.

4.4. In places where traffic is regulated, pedestrians must be guided by the signals of a traffic controller or a pedestrian traffic light, and in its absence, a transport traffic light.

4.5. At unregulated pedestrian crossings, pedestrians can enter the roadway after assessing the distance to approaching vehicles, their speed and making sure that the crossing will be safe for them. When crossing a roadway outside a pedestrian crossing, pedestrians must, in addition, not interfere with the movement of vehicles and exit from behind a standing vehicle or other obstacle that limits visibility without making sure that there are no approaching vehicles.

4.6. Once on the roadway, pedestrians should not linger or stop unless this is related to ensuring traffic safety. Pedestrians who do not have time to complete the crossing must stop on the line dividing traffic flows in opposite directions. You can continue crossing only after making sure that further movement is safe and taking into account the traffic light signal (traffic controller).

4.7. When approaching vehicles with a blue flashing light and a special sound signal on, pedestrians are required to refrain from crossing the roadway, and those on it must give way to these vehicles and immediately vacate the roadway.

4.8. Waiting for a route vehicle and a taxi is allowed only on landing platforms raised above the roadway, and if there are none, on the sidewalk or side of the road. In stopping places for route vehicles that are not equipped with raised landing platforms, it is allowed to enter the roadway to board the vehicle only after it has stopped. After disembarking, it is necessary to clear the roadway without delay. (as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated September 25, 2003 N 595)

When moving across the roadway to or from the stopping point of a route vehicle, pedestrians must be guided by the requirements of paragraphs 4.4 - 4.7 of the Rules.

(as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 25, 2003 N 595)

2.5. In the event of a traffic accident, the driver involved in it is obliged to:

(Article: 2.5. In case of a traffic accident, the driver involved in it is obliged:)

immediately stop (do not move) the vehicle, turn on the hazard warning lights and display an emergency stop sign in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 7.2 of the Rules, do not move objects related to the incident;
take measures to provide first aid to the victims, call an ambulance, and in emergency cases, send the victims on a passing one, and if this is not possible, deliver them in your vehicle to the nearest medical facility, provide your last name, vehicle registration plate (with presentation identification document or driver's license and vehicle registration document) and return to the scene of the incident.
clear the roadway if the movement of other vehicles is impossible. If it is necessary to clear the roadway or deliver victims in your vehicle to a medical facility, first record in the presence of witnesses the position of the vehicle, traces and objects related to the incident, and take all possible measures to preserve them and organize a detour to the scene of the incident;
report the incident to the police, write down the names and addresses of eyewitnesses and wait for the arrival of police officers.

Road traffic accidents

An accident is an event that occurred while driving along a road lane involving a vehicle, and in which people, vehicles, structures, cargo, equipment were injured, or other material damage was caused. Moments when a pedestrian fell on the road or was hit by a crowd are not taken into account.

Road accidents are the biggest threat to humans . The damage from motor vehicle accidents exceeds the damage from all other accidents combined (involving airplanes, trains, ships, etc.). But the problems don’t end there - according to statistics, the victims in such incidents are mostly healthy and young people.

The World Health Organization reports that the toll is rising every year, amounting to 1.36 million deaths per year. In 2022 alone, 19,088 people died on Russian roads; in the United States, this figure is 35,000. For every 100 thousand population in the Russian Federation, there are 13.8 fatalities, while in Europe this figure is 5. According to statistics, since the 20th century , more than 3 million people died on the roads of the United States, which is more than the losses in all the wars in which the country participated.

Road accidents cause enormous material, demographic and social damage to the Russian economy. From 2007 to 2016, 272 thousand people died in our country, more than 2.5 million were wounded, 227 thousand children were injured, more than 9 of them received fatal injuries. Approximately a third of the victims are the working population aged 26 to 40 years. 20% remain disabled for life.

Each year, economic losses due to traffic accidents account for 2 percent of the country's GDP. Absolute indicators are equal to the GDP of regions such as the Krasnodar Territory or the Republic of Tatarstan.

According to traffic police statistics, in 2022 the rates of car accidents caused by alcohol intoxication increased. Compared to 2017, this figure increased by 1.2 percent. The number of wounded increased by 1.4%. The death toll remained the same. In almost every eighth accident, the drivers were either drunk or refused to undergo a medical examination.

When road safety is studied, various factors are identified that influence the severity and frequency of accidents. Not all road accidents are considered random events - for example, about 5% are suicides, and a certain number are murders. In addition, other factors are taken into account, so that the wording “accident” is now almost never used. Someone must be held accountable.

2.7. The driver is prohibited from:

(Article: 2.7. The driver is prohibited from:)

drive a vehicle while intoxicated (alcohol, drugs or other), under the influence of medications that impair reaction and attention, in a sick or tired state that jeopardizes traffic safety;
transfer control of a vehicle to persons who are intoxicated, under the influence of medications that impair reaction and attention, in a sick or tired state, as well as to persons who do not have a driver’s license to drive a vehicle of this category or - in case of its seizure in accordance with the established procedure - a temporary permit, except for cases of driving lessons in accordance with section 21 of the Rules;
cross organized (including foot) columns and take a place in them;
consume alcoholic beverages, narcotic, psychotropic or other intoxicating substances after a traffic accident in which he is involved, or after the vehicle was stopped at the request of a police officer, before an examination to establish the state of intoxication or before a decision on release is made from carrying out such an examination;
drive a vehicle in violation of the work and rest regime established by the authorized federal executive body, and when carrying out international road transport - by international treaties of the Russian Federation;
use while driving a telephone that is not equipped with a technical device that allows hands-free conversations.

Damage caused

The most obvious damage from road traffic accidents is death. Although even with this definition, not everything is so simple. For example, in the United States, a motor vehicle death is defined as the death of a person within 30 days of the accident. In Europe they work on the same principle. In Russia, a 30-day period was introduced in 2009 (before that, people who died within seven days were considered dead from road accidents).

Another factor that makes it difficult to count the dead is deliberate cover-ups and mistakes. The police are often involved. Even in the most prosperous and law-abiding countries, police sometimes do not report deaths.

It is almost impossible to calculate how many people were injured; the difficulties with determining mortality were indicated above; it is not difficult to guess what happens with non-fatal accidents.

Cases when a participant in an accident is not hospitalized are not uncommon . In the Netherlands, they even conducted an experiment, during which they found that the police register only 40% of victims.

Property damage is counted in even fewer cases than injuries. Losses in serious accidents are often recorded. Moreover, there is a certain amount that the damage must exceed in order for it to be registered. There are often situations where special services are not called, when drivers reach an agreement among themselves and “resolve the issue on the spot.”

Travel speed

(Article: 10. Movement speed)

10.1. The driver must drive the vehicle at a speed not exceeding the established limit, taking into account the intensity of traffic, the characteristics and condition of the vehicle and cargo, road and meteorological conditions, in particular visibility in the direction of travel. If a traffic hazard arises that the driver is able to detect, he must take possible measures to reduce the speed until the vehicle stops.

10.2. In populated areas, vehicles are allowed to move at a speed of no more than 60 km/h, and in residential areas and courtyard areas no more than 20 km/h.

10.3. Movement outside populated areas is permitted:

for cars and trucks with a permissible maximum weight of no more than 3.5 tons on highways - at a speed of no more than 130 km/h, on other roads - no more than 90 km/h.

Impact of the road network

A simple road with one lane in each direction is very dangerous in the sense that this is where the worst accidents occur. This is explained quite simply: drivers do not calculate the distance when overtaking, fall asleep or get sick and crash into an oncoming car. However, it is worth noting that the intensity on such roads is not the highest.

If there is a wide median or barrier, then the risk of a head-on collision is eliminated. However, a new problem arises - a person may lose control of the vehicle and collide with this very barrier, which also leads to serious accidents.

There are roads that practically eliminate the possibility of a car colliding with a person or animal. First of all, these are roads of the first technical category (motorways), where there are no pedestrian crossings.

Providing additional areas for parking and stopping a vehicle, as well as preparing for right and left turns, reduces the likelihood of collisions with stationary vehicles.

Equipping intersections with traffic lights also reduces the likelihood of violations and collisions of cars moving along an intersecting path.

The geometry of the road is also important . A long straight road has a negative impact on the driver due to its monotony - the person gets tired or loses the sense of speed. All this only increases the severity of the consequences of an accident.